Why: Dholavira, located in Gujarat, is renowned for its sophisticated water management system. The site features an elaborate network of dams, reservoirs, and channelized water systems that demonstrate advanced engineering and urban planning of the Indus Valley Civilization. This water harvesting infrastructure was crucial for sustaining the city in the arid region of Kutch. While Kalibangan is known for wells and evidence of ploughing, and Rakhigarhi is known as one of the largest Harappan settlements, neither is particularly famous for elaborate water harvesting systems comparable to Dholavira. Therefore, the correct answer is Dholavira (Option A).

Why: The Indus Valley Civilization people are characterized by their worship of both male and female deities, as evidenced by various terracotta figurines and seals discovered at excavation sites. Archaeological evidence, particularly from seals depicting a Mother Goddess figure with plants growing from her body, demonstrates the presence of female deity worship. Male deities are also represented in the iconography. However, there is no archaeological evidence of great palaces and temples as monumental structures typical of contemporary civilizations. Additionally, while the Indus people were aware of horses, there is limited evidence that they employed them extensively for warfare. The civilization was more focused on urban planning, trade, and agriculture. Therefore, the characterization that they worshipped both male and female deities (Option B) is the most accurate based on archaeological findings.

Why: Harappa was the first site of the Indus Valley Civilization to be excavated in 1921. The excavation was led by Daya Ram Sahni and was conducted in the Punjab Province of Pakistan on an old bank of the River Ravi. This discovery was pivotal in bringing international attention to the Indus Valley Civilization as one of the world's earliest urban civilizations. John Marshall, the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, was the first scholar to use the term 'Indus Civilization' for what was previously known as Harappa Civilization. Option B (1921) is the correct answer.

Why: Dholavira in Gujarat revealed a large inscription displaying ten prominent signs of the Harappan script. This discovery is one of the most significant findings regarding the Indus Valley script, as it provides substantial insight into their writing system and represents one of the longest known inscriptions from the civilization. The inscription demonstrates the sophistication and standardization of the Harappan script across different sites. While other sites like Mohenjo-Daro and Chanhudaro have yielded seals and inscriptions, Dholavira is particularly renowned for this specific discovery of the ten-sign inscription. Therefore, the correct answer is Dholavira (Option B).

Why: Chanhudaro, located on the Indus river in the Indus Valley Civilization region, is known for its association with cotton textile production and is metaphorically referred to as the 'Lancashire of the IVC,' drawing a parallel to the textile industry hub of Lancashire in England. Archaeological evidence from Chanhudaro includes numerous artifacts related to textile manufacturing and trade. Additionally, Chanhudaro is notable for being the only Indus Valley City without a citadel structure and for yielding the largest number of copper tools found at any Harappan site. These characteristics make Chanhudaro distinctive in the Harappan context. Therefore, the correct answer is Chanhudaro (Option B).