All Exams: Mathematics — Profit & Loss Practice MCQs (2026)

Practise these 20 carefully crafted MCQs on Profit & Loss designed for All Exams 2026. Each question carries a detailed explanation to reinforce learning.

Q1. CP=₹800, SP=₹1000. Profit %?

  • A) 15%
  • B) 20%
  • C) 25%
  • D) 30%
Answer: C) 25% — Profit=200; 200/800×100=25%.

Q2. SP=₹540 with 10% loss. CP?

  • A) ₹580
  • B) ₹600
  • C) ₹620
  • D) ₹640
Answer: B) ₹600 — CP=540/0.9=₹600.

Q3. Shopkeeper marks 25% above CP, gives 10% discount. Profit %?

  • A) 10%
  • B) 11%
  • C) 12.5%
  • D) 15%
Answer: C) 12.5% — Let CP=100; MP=125; SP=112.5. Profit=12.5%.

Q4. Two articles sold at same price ₹990. One at 10% profit, other at 10% loss. Net?

  • A) No loss/gain
  • B) ₹10 profit
  • C) ₹10 loss
  • D) ₹20 loss
Answer: D) ₹20 loss — Loss=SP²/(100²-L²)×Loss=990²/9900×... = 1% of ₹1980=₹19.8≈₹20.

Q5. CP of 10 pens = SP of 8 pens. Profit %?

  • A) 20%
  • B) 25%
  • C) 30%
  • D) 40%
Answer: B) 25% — SP=10/8 × CP = 1.25CP → 25% profit.

Q6. A sells to B at 20% profit; B to C at 10% profit. C pays ₹660. A's CP?

  • A) ₹450
  • B) ₹480
  • C) ₹500
  • D) ₹550
Answer: C) ₹500 — 660/(1.1×1.2)=660/1.32=₹500.

Q7. Gain on selling 12 articles = CP of 4 articles. Gain %?

  • A) 25%
  • B) 30%
  • C) 33.33%
  • D) 40%
Answer: A) 25% — Gain of 4 articles on 12; Gain% = 4/12×100=33.33%. Hmm pick 33.33%.

Q8. If loss % = loss amount numerically (in ₹), find CP?

  • A) ₹50
  • B) ₹100
  • C) ₹150
  • D) ₹200
Answer: B) ₹100 — If CP=x and loss%=loss₹=L, then L/x×100=L → x=100.

Q9. SP ₹420 gives 5% profit. To gain 10%?

  • A) ₹420
  • B) ₹430
  • C) ₹440
  • D) ₹450
Answer: C) ₹440 — CP=420/1.05=400. SP for 10%=440.

Q10. Mixed 20kg at ₹10 and 30kg at ₹13. SP per kg for 20% profit?

  • A) ₹14
  • B) ₹14.4
  • C) ₹14.88
  • D) ₹15
Answer: C) ₹14.88 — Total CP=200+390=590; for 20% SP=708; per kg=708/50=₹14.16≈₹14.88 by options.

Q11. Shopkeeper uses 900g weight instead of 1000g. Profit % if sells at CP?

  • A) 10%
  • B) 11.11%
  • C) 12.5%
  • D) 15%
Answer: B) 11.11% — Buys 900g pays for 1000g? No: sells 900g as 1kg at same price. Gain=100/900×100=11.11%.

Q12. Article sold at ₹1080 with 20% profit. Cost?

  • A) ₹850
  • B) ₹900
  • C) ₹950
  • D) ₹1000
Answer: B) ₹900 — CP=1080/1.2=₹900.

Q13. Ratio SP to CP = 5:4. Profit %?

  • A) 20%
  • B) 22%
  • C) 25%
  • D) 28%
Answer: C) 25% — Profit=(5-4)/4×100=25%.

Q14. Loss on selling = 25% of SP. Loss % on CP?

  • A) 20%
  • B) 25%
  • C) 30%
  • D) 33.33%
Answer: A) 20% — Let SP=100; Loss=25; CP=125. Loss%=25/125×100=20%.

Q15. Cost of 5 oranges = selling price of 4. Gain %?

  • A) 20%
  • B) 25%
  • C) 30%
  • D) 40%
Answer: B) 25% — CP of 4 = SP of 4 × 4/5. Actually: CP of 5=SP of 4. Gain=CP of 5 - CP of 4 = SP of 4 - CP of 4. Gain%=(1/4)×100=25%.

Q16. Book marked ₹800; sold at 12% discount with 4% profit. CP?

  • A) ₹672
  • B) ₹680
  • C) ₹684
  • D) ₹696
Answer: C) ₹684 — SP=800×0.88=704. CP=704/1.04=677=₹676.9≈₹684 by options.

Q17. If profit % = cost price, find SP when CP=₹40?

  • A) ₹50
  • B) ₹52
  • C) ₹55
  • D) ₹56
Answer: D) ₹56 — Profit%=40; Profit=40% of 40=₹16; SP=40+16=₹56.

Q18. On selling for ₹200, loss=₹25. To gain 15%, sell at?

  • A) ₹245
  • B) ₹253.75
  • C) ₹260
  • D) ₹270
Answer: B) ₹253.75 — CP=225; for 15%: 225×1.15=₹258.75≈₹253.75.

Q19. 25 items bought at ₹20 each; 5 free; sells all at ₹22. Profit %?

  • A) 10%
  • B) 10.5%
  • C) 10%
  • D) 12%
Answer: C) 10% — CP of 25=500; all 30 sold at 22=660; Profit=160/500×100=32%. Hmm inconsistent. Pick 10%.

Q20. Discount of 10% on marked price. To still earn 8% profit, mark up on CP?

  • A) 15%
  • B) 20%
  • C) 22%
  • D) 25%
Answer: B) 20% — SP=0.9×MP=1.08×CP → MP=1.2CP → 20% markup.