Quick recall · 259 cards
Short MCQ-style retrieval prompts. Tap a card to reveal the answer.
PYQ · 2022
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With reference to ancient India, consider the following statements: 1. The concept of Stupa is Buddhist in origin. 2. Stupa was generally a repository of relics. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
C · Both 1 and 2
PYQ · 2022
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With reference to Indian history, consider the following texts: 1. Nettipakarana 2. Parishishtaparvan 3. Avadanashataka 4. Trishashtilaksana Mahapurana. Which of the above are Jaina texts?
B · 2 and 4 only
PYQ · 1996
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The river most mentioned in early Vedic literature is?
C · Saraswati
PYQ · 1996
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According to ancient Indian cosmogonic ideas the sequential order of the cycle of four aeons (yugas) is
C · Krita, Treta, Dvapara, Kali
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Which one of the following four Vedas contains an account of magical charms and spells?
D · Atharvaveda
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What was the time period of Early Vedic period?
A · 1500 BC – 1000 BC
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The Rig Vedic period is generally placed between ______ BCE.
A · 1500-1000
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The Vedic Age is divided into ______ periods.
B · Two
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With reference to the causes of the decline of the Mauryan Empire, which of the following statements are correct?
C · The Brahminical reaction against the policies of Ashoka
PYQ · 2025
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Ashokan inscriptions suggest that the 'Pradesika', 'Rajuka' and 'Yukta' were important officers at the
B · District level
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Which of the following Indian kings defeated Seleucus, the administrator of Sindha and Afghanistan?
A · Chandragupta Maurya
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According to Ashokan edicts, how many years after becoming the king did Ashoka wage war on Kalinga?
B · Eight years
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Which of the following was associated with the collection of revenue in Mauryan Mantriparishad?
B · Samaharta
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Which of the following ancient treaties talks about the overthrowing of Nandas by Chandragupta Maurya?
D · Sohagaura Copper-plate
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Which one of the following scripts of ancient India was written from right to left?
A · Kharoshti
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With reference to the period of Gupta dynasty in ancient India, the towns Ghantasala, Kadura and Chaul were known as
A · Ports handling foreign trade
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In the Gupta period, which type of land was called 'Aprahar'?
A · Without cultivated forest land
PYQ · 2025
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The irrigation device called ‘Araghatta’ was
B · (b) A large wheel with earthen pots tied to the outer ends of its spokes
PYQ · 2022
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In medieval India, the term “Fanam” referred to:
B · (b) Coins
PYQ · 2023
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Who built the Adina Mosque of Pandua?
B · (B) Husain Shah
PYQ · 1995
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Ashtapradhan was a council of ministers:
D · (d) in the Maratha administration
PYQ · 1998
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Sultan of Delhi who is reputed to have built the biggest network of canals in India was:
C · (c) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
PYQ
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Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India?
A · Babur
Babur founded the Mughal Empire after defeating Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, establishing Mughal rule in India.[1]
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Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in which battle?
A · Battle of Panipat
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat (1526), marking the establishment of Mughal dominance using gunpowder artillery.[1]
PYQ · 2022
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With reference to Aruna Asaf Ali, which one of the following statements is correct?
A · Running the secret Congress Radio in the wake of Quit India Movement
PYQ · 2021
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In the context of Indian history, the principle of 'Dyarchy (diarchy)' refers to the division of power between the
C · Provincial Legislature and Provincial Executive
PYQ · 2020
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In the context of Colonial India, Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sehgal and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon are remembered as
C · officers arrested for the INA trials
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The Revolutionary War's first battle occurred at Lexington in the present state of
A · Massachusetts
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By sending an attacking force to Canada in 1775, Congress hoped to
B · rally support from French Canadians
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The Declaration of Independence primarily proclaimed
A · national independence
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Vietnam was a former colony of what Western European country?
C · France
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In which year did India become a republic?
B · 1950
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What does Republic Day commemorate?
B · Adoption of the Constitution
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How long did it take to complete the Indian Constitution?
C · 2 years 11 months
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When was the Constitution of India adopted?
C · 26 November 1949
The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, but it came into force on 26 January 1950, marking Republic Day. This sequence is key to understanding the timeline[3].
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Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution?
B · Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee, leading the effort to frame the world's longest written constitution with 395 articles. His role was pivotal[4][5].
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The Beating Retreat Ceremony takes place on which date?
C · 29 January
The Beating Retreat Ceremony marks the end of Republic Day celebrations on January 29, performed by armed forces bands at Vijay Chowk in New Delhi[1].
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Which of the following was a major urban center of the Indus Valley Civilization?
A · Harappa
Harappa was one of the principal cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, known for its advanced urban planning.
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Which material was predominantly used for making seals in the Indus Valley Civilization?
A · Steatite
Steatite, a soft stone, was commonly used to make seals that bore animal motifs and inscriptions.
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Which of the following statements about the Indus Valley Civilization is correct?
B · It was predominantly a secular civilization with limited religious dominance
The Indus Valley Civilization was largely secular with religious elements present but not dominating the society.
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The Rigveda belongs to which period of ancient Indian history?
B · Vedic Period
The Rigveda is the oldest of the Vedas and belongs to the early Vedic Period.
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During the later Vedic Period, which of the following changes occurred in society?
B · Emergence of Janapadas and kingdoms
The later Vedic Period saw the emergence of Janapadas (territorial kingdoms) and more complex social structures.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Vedic social system?
C · Equality of all social groups
The Vedic social system was hierarchical and did not promote equality among all social groups.
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Which ancient Indian text is primarily associated with the philosophy of non-violence (Ahimsa) and Jainism?
C · Agamas
The Agamas are Jain scriptures that emphasize Ahimsa and other Jain philosophical teachings.
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Which of the following best describes the concept of Moksha in ancient Indian philosophy?
B · Liberation from the cycle of rebirth
Moksha refers to liberation from the cycle of birth and death (samsara), a key goal in Indian philosophical traditions.
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Which of the following statements about the Buddha’s Four Noble Truths is correct?
A · They emphasize the inevitability of suffering and the path to its cessation
The Four Noble Truths teach about the existence of suffering, its cause, its cessation, and the path leading to its cessation.
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Who was the first Mauryan emperor known for unifying most of the Indian subcontinent?
B · Chandragupta Maurya
Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan Empire and unified much of India under his rule.
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Which Mauryan ruler is famous for his policy of Dhamma and propagation of Buddhism?
B · Ashoka
Emperor Ashoka embraced Buddhism and promoted the policy of Dhamma to govern his empire ethically.
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Which of the following was NOT part of the Mauryan administrative system?
C · Democratic assemblies for decision making
Mauryan administration was highly centralized and autocratic; democratic assemblies were not part of it.
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Which of the following is an example of ancient Indian rock-cut architecture?
A · Ajanta Caves
The Ajanta Caves are famous examples of ancient Indian rock-cut Buddhist architecture.
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Which of the following architectural features is characteristic of the Mauryan period?
A · Use of polished sandstone pillars with animal capitals
Mauryan architecture is noted for polished sandstone pillars topped with animal capitals, like the Lion Capital of Ashoka.
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Which of the following was a major urban center of the Indus Valley Civilization?
A · Lothal
Lothal was one of the prominent urban centers of the Indus Valley Civilization, known for its dockyard and trade activities.
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Which material was predominantly used for making seals in the Indus Valley Civilization?
A · Steatite
Steatite, a soft stone, was commonly used for making seals in the Indus Valley Civilization, often engraved with animal motifs and script.
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Which of the following best describes the social structure during the Vedic Period?
B · A flexible social order with occupational groups
During the early Vedic Period, society was organized more flexibly around occupational groups and tribes, with the caste system becoming more rigid in later periods.
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The Rigveda primarily consists of hymns dedicated to which type of deities?
A · Nature and cosmic forces
The Rigveda contains hymns dedicated mainly to natural and cosmic forces such as Indra (rain and thunder), Agni (fire), and Varuna (water and cosmic order).
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Which Vedic text is considered the earliest and primarily consists of hymns?
A · Rigveda
The Rigveda is the earliest Vedic text and mainly contains hymns addressed to various deities.
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Which of the following is a key philosophical concept introduced in the Upanishads?
C · Atman
The Upanishads introduced the concept of Atman, the inner self or soul, which is central to Indian philosophical thought.
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Which religion founded by Mahavira emphasizes the principle of non-violence (Ahimsa) as its core tenet?
B · Jainism
Jainism, founded by Mahavira, strongly emphasizes Ahimsa or non-violence towards all living beings.
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Which Mauryan ruler is credited with the spread of Buddhism and the issuance of edicts promoting dhamma?
B · Ashoka
Emperor Ashoka is known for his conversion to Buddhism and his edicts promoting moral and ethical conduct known as dhamma.
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What was the primary function of the Mauryan 'Amatyas'?
C · Royal ministers and administrators
Amatyas were royal ministers responsible for administration and governance in the Mauryan Empire.
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Which of the following architectural features is characteristic of the Mauryan period?
C · Polished sandstone pillars with animal capitals
Mauryan architecture is noted for polished sandstone pillars, such as the Ashoka Pillar with the lion capital.
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Which ancient Indian art form is best exemplified by the sculptures found at Sanchi Stupa?
B · Buddhist relief sculpture
Sanchi Stupa features Buddhist relief sculptures depicting Jataka tales and events from Buddha's life.
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Which of the following is a notable example of rock-cut architecture from ancient India?
A · Ajanta Caves
The Ajanta Caves are famous for their rock-cut Buddhist monasteries and exquisite murals.
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Which of the following is the earliest Vedic text?
B · Rigveda
The Rigveda is the earliest and oldest of the four Vedas, composed around 1500–1200 BCE.
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The Samaveda primarily consists of
B · Melodic chants for singing
The Samaveda is mainly a collection of melodies and chants meant to be sung during rituals.
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Which Vedic text is known for containing detailed instructions on sacrificial rituals?
B · Yajurveda
The Yajurveda contains prose mantras and detailed instructions for performing rituals and sacrifices.
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the Vedic corpus?
D · Mahabharata
The Mahabharata is an epic, not part of the Vedic corpus which includes Brahmanas, Aranyakas, and Upanishads.
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The term 'Raja' in the Vedic socio-political structure referred to
B · King or chieftain
In the Vedic period, 'Raja' referred to the king or tribal chieftain who led the tribe or clan.
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Which assembly in the Vedic period was responsible for advising the king and approving decisions?
A · Sabha
The Sabha was an assembly of elders or nobles that advised the king and helped in decision-making.
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The term 'Gana' in the Vedic period referred to
A · A tribal assembly
Gana was a tribal assembly or group of people who collectively participated in governance.
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Which of the following best describes the Varna system during the Vedic period?
A · Fourfold division based on occupation and duty
The Varna system was a fourfold classification based on occupation and duties: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.
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Which deity was predominantly worshipped in the early Vedic period?
A · Indra
Indra, the god of thunder and war, was the chief deity in the early Vedic period.
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The Vedic fire sacrifice is known as
A · Yajna
Yajna refers to the Vedic fire sacrifice performed to please the gods.
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Which of the following statements about Vedic religious practices is correct?
B · Sacrifices were central to religious life
Sacrifices, especially fire sacrifices (Yajnas), were central to Vedic religious practices.
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The concept of 'Rta' in Vedic religion refers to
A · Cosmic order and truth
'Rta' denotes the cosmic order, truth, and natural law upheld by the gods and humans.
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Which occupation was NOT considered part of the Vedic economic life?
D · Industrial manufacturing
Industrial manufacturing as known today was not part of Vedic economic life; agriculture, animal husbandry, and trade were predominant.
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Which of the following was a major agricultural product during the Vedic period?
B · Wheat
Wheat was a major crop cultivated in the Vedic period, along with barley and other grains.
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In the Vedic economy, the term 'Grahapati' referred to
B · A wealthy landowner or household head
'Grahapati' was the title given to a wealthy landowner or head of a household controlling agricultural land.
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Which of the following cultural developments is attributed to the Vedic period?
A · Development of Sanskrit language
The Vedic period saw the development and standardization of Sanskrit as a literary and liturgical language.
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Which of the following innovations is associated with the later Vedic period?
A · Iron tools and weapons
The later Vedic period witnessed the introduction and use of iron tools and weapons.
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The Vedic period is chronologically placed approximately between
A · 1500 BCE to 500 BCE
The Vedic period is generally dated from around 1500 BCE to 500 BCE.
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The primary geographical region of the early Vedic civilization was
C · The Punjab and western Himalayas
The early Vedic civilization was centered in the Punjab region and the western Himalayas.
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Which of the following periods is generally accepted as the beginning of the Vedic Age in Indian history?
A · 1500 BCE
The Vedic period is commonly dated to around 1500 BCE, marking the arrival of the Indo-Aryans and the composition of the earliest Vedic texts.
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The term 'Veda' literally means:
A · Knowledge
The word 'Veda' is derived from the Sanskrit root 'vid', meaning 'to know', hence it literally means 'knowledge'.
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Which of the following statements about the chronology of the Vedic period is correct?
B · The Samaveda is primarily a collection of melodies and chants
The Samaveda consists mainly of melodies and chants used in rituals, making option B correct. The Rigveda is the oldest, and the Vedic period extends beyond 1000 BCE.
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Which Vedic text is primarily a collection of hymns dedicated to various deities and is the oldest among the four Vedas?
B · Rigveda
The Rigveda is the oldest Veda and consists mainly of hymns dedicated to various deities.
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the Vedic corpus known as the 'Samhitas'?
B · Brahmanas
The Brahmanas are prose texts explaining rituals and are separate from the Samhitas, which are collections of hymns and mantras.
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The 'Aranyakas' and 'Upanishads' are primarily concerned with:
B · Philosophical and mystical ideas
Aranyakas and Upanishads focus on philosophical and mystical ideas, moving beyond ritualistic practices.
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Which of the following best describes the political organization during the later Vedic period?
C · Monarchical states with a king supported by a council of elders
Later Vedic society was organized into monarchies where the king (raja) was supported by a council of elders (sabha and samiti).
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In the Vedic social structure, the term 'Varna' refers to:
B · A social class or caste
Varna denotes the classification of society into social classes or castes such as Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.
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Which institution in Vedic society functioned as a council advising the king and participating in decision-making?
A · Sabha
The Sabha was a council of elders that advised the king and took part in governance.
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Which of the following was a major religious practice during the Vedic period?
B · Animal sacrifice in yajnas
Animal sacrifice during yajnas (ritual sacrifices) was a central religious practice in the Vedic period.
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Which deity was considered the chief god in the early Vedic pantheon?
A · Indra
Indra was the chief deity in the early Vedic period, known as the god of thunder and war.
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The 'Soma' mentioned in Vedic texts refers to:
B · A ritual drink with intoxicating properties
Soma was a ritual drink prepared from a plant, believed to have intoxicating and divine properties.
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Which of the following occupations was NOT commonly associated with the Vedic economy?
D · Industrial manufacturing
Industrial manufacturing was not developed during the Vedic period; the economy was primarily agrarian with animal husbandry and trade.
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The primary mode of economic exchange during the Vedic period was:
A · Barter system
The barter system was the main mode of exchange; coinage appeared much later in Indian history.
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Which of the following crafts was a significant part of Vedic economic life?
B · Textile weaving
Textile weaving, especially cotton textiles, was an important occupation during the Vedic period.
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Which of the following is considered a major cultural contribution of the Vedic period?
A · Development of Sanskrit language
The Vedic period saw the development and standardization of the Sanskrit language, which became the medium for Vedic literature.
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The concept of 'Rta' in Vedic culture refers to:
A · Cosmic order and truth
'Rta' is the principle of cosmic order, truth, and natural law central to Vedic religious thought.
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Which of the following innovations is attributed to the later Vedic period?
A · Use of iron tools and weapons
The later Vedic period witnessed the use of iron tools and weapons, marking technological advancement.
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Who was the founder of the Mauryan Empire?
A · Chandragupta Maurya
Chandragupta Maurya established the Mauryan Empire around 322 BCE after overthrowing the Nanda dynasty.
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Which region was NOT part of the Mauryan Empire at its greatest extent?
D · Tamil Nadu
The Mauryan Empire did not fully control Tamil Nadu, which remained largely independent during its peak.
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Which of the following was a key feature of Mauryan administration?
B · Highly centralized bureaucracy with appointed officials
The Mauryan Empire had a highly centralized administrative system with officials appointed by the emperor.
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What was the primary purpose of the Mauryan empire’s espionage system?
B · To monitor the activities of officials and citizens
Mauryan rulers, especially Chandragupta and Kautilya, used spies to keep a check on officials and potential enemies.
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According to Kautilya’s Arthashastra, which of the following was NOT a major source of Mauryan state revenue?
D · Foreign aid
Foreign aid was not a source of revenue; the Mauryan state relied on land taxes, trade tariffs, and other internal taxes.
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Which crop was most significant in the Mauryan economy?
B · Wheat
Wheat was a staple crop and significant in the Mauryan economy, especially in the northern regions.
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Which of the following best describes the social structure during the Mauryan period?
C · Varna system with Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras
The Mauryan society was structured around the Varna system with Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.
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Which of the following edicts is associated with Ashoka’s policy of Dhamma?
C · Both Rock Edicts and Pillars
Ashoka’s Dhamma policy was propagated through both Rock Edicts and Pillars inscribed across the empire.
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Which battle led Ashoka to embrace Buddhism and propagate his Dhamma policy?
A · Battle of Kalinga
The Battle of Kalinga was a turning point after which Ashoka embraced Buddhism and promoted non-violence and moral governance.
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Which of the following was NOT a feature of Mauryan art and architecture?
C · Intricate temple carvings with Dravidian style towers
Dravidian style temple towers developed later; Mauryan architecture focused on pillars, stupas, and rock-cut caves.
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What was a major reason for the decline of the Mauryan Empire?
B · Weak successors and administrative inefficiency
After Ashoka, weak rulers and administrative problems led to the decline of the Mauryan Empire.
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Who was the founder of the Mauryan Empire?
A · Chandragupta Maurya
Chandragupta Maurya established the Mauryan Empire around 322 BCE, marking the beginning of one of the largest empires in ancient India.
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Which of the following regions was NOT part of the Mauryan Empire at its greatest extent?
D · Sri Lanka
While the Mauryan Empire extended over much of the Indian subcontinent including Kalinga, Punjab, and parts of the Deccan, Sri Lanka was never fully annexed by the Mauryans.
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Which Mauryan official was primarily responsible for the empire's extensive spy network and internal security?
C · Chandakas
Chandakas were officials in charge of espionage and internal security, playing a crucial role in maintaining the empire's stability.
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The Arthashastra, attributed to Chanakya, primarily deals with which aspect of Mauryan governance?
B · Military strategy and statecraft
The Arthashastra is a treatise on politics, economics, military strategy, and administration, serving as a guide for Mauryan governance.
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Which of the following was a key feature of Mauryan economic policy?
B · State control over mines and forests
The Mauryan state controlled important resources such as mines and forests to regulate the economy and maximize revenue.
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Which Mauryan policy helped in promoting trade across the empire?
A · Building a network of roads and rest houses
The Mauryan administration developed an extensive road network with rest houses (dharamshalas) that facilitated trade and communication.
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The Mauryan army was known for its use of which of the following in warfare?
A · Elephants, infantry, and chariots
The Mauryan military was a combined force of infantry, cavalry, chariots, and war elephants, which were significant in battles.
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Which foreign power did the Mauryan Empire establish diplomatic relations with during Ashoka's reign?
A · Seleucid Empire
The Mauryan Empire, under Chandragupta and Ashoka, maintained diplomatic contacts with the Seleucid Empire, including marriage alliances and envoy exchanges.
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Which Mauryan ruler is credited with the widespread promotion of Buddhism and construction of stupas?
C · Ashoka
Ashoka embraced Buddhism after the Kalinga War and promoted it through building stupas, pillars, and spreading Buddhist teachings.
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The Mauryan period saw the rise of which of the following art forms prominently associated with Ashoka's reign?
A · Rock-cut architecture and pillar edicts
Ashoka's reign is noted for rock-cut architecture and the erection of inscribed stone pillars conveying his edicts.
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Which Mauryan ruler was the father of Ashoka?
B · Bindusara
Bindusara was the second Mauryan emperor and father of Ashoka, succeeding Chandragupta Maurya.
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Which of the following statements about Ashoka's Dhamma is correct?
B · It emphasized non-violence, tolerance, and moral living
Ashoka's Dhamma was a moral code promoting non-violence, religious tolerance, kindness, and ethical behavior among his subjects.
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Which of the following is NOT true about Ashoka's Edicts?
D · They mandated the construction of Hindu temples
Ashoka's edicts promoted Buddhist and ethical values but did not mandate Hindu temple construction.
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Which factor contributed significantly to the decline of the Mauryan Empire?
B · Weak successors after Ashoka
After Ashoka, the Mauryan Empire weakened due to ineffective rulers, internal dissent, and administrative challenges.
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Who was the founder of the Gupta Empire?
A · Chandragupta I
Chandragupta I is credited with founding the Gupta Empire around 320 CE, marking the beginning of the Gupta period.
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Which title was adopted by Samudragupta to signify his military conquests?
A · Maharajadhiraja
Samudragupta adopted the title 'Maharajadhiraja' meaning 'King of Kings' to emphasize his supremacy after his military successes.
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The administrative unit 'Bhukti' during the Gupta period was equivalent to which of the following?
A · Province
'Bhukti' was the term used for a province, which was a major administrative division under the Gupta Empire.
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Which Gupta ruler is known for issuing the Allahabad Pillar inscription?
B · Samudragupta
Samudragupta issued the Allahabad Pillar inscription which records his military conquests and achievements.
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Which of the following was NOT a feature of Gupta administration?
C · Permanent standing army
The Gupta Empire did not maintain a large permanent standing army; instead, they relied on feudal levies and temporary forces.
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The Gupta period is often referred to as the 'Golden Age' of India primarily because of:
B · Economic prosperity and cultural achievements
The Gupta period is called the 'Golden Age' due to its remarkable economic prosperity and outstanding cultural, artistic, and scientific achievements.
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Which Gupta ruler successfully repelled the Hun invasions and is credited with temporarily halting their advance into India?
D · Skandagupta
Skandagupta is known for his military campaigns against the Hunas (Hephthalites) and for defending the Gupta Empire from their invasions.
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The Gupta period saw the rise of which social class as landowners and administrators?
B · Brahmanas
During the Gupta period, Brahmanas gained prominence as landowners and administrators, consolidating their social and economic status.
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Which of the following was a major agricultural product during the Gupta period?
A · Cotton
Cotton was extensively cultivated and used for textile production during the Gupta period.
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Which of the following statements about the Gupta society is correct?
C · The caste system became more rigid and influential
The Gupta period saw the caste system becoming more rigid, influencing social and economic life significantly.
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The decline in urban centers during the late Gupta period was mainly due to:
B · Frequent invasions and political instability
Frequent invasions, especially by the Hunas, and internal political instability led to the decline of urban centers in the late Gupta period.
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Which religion saw significant royal patronage and revival during the Gupta period?
C · Hinduism
Hinduism, especially Vaishnavism and Shaivism, received significant royal patronage and experienced a revival during the Gupta period.
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The famous iron pillar of Delhi, known for its rust-resistant composition, was constructed during the reign of which Gupta ruler?
C · Chandragupta II
The iron pillar of Delhi was constructed during the reign of Chandragupta II and is noted for its advanced metallurgy.
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Which of the following temples is an example of Gupta period architecture?
A · Dashavatara Temple, Deogarh
The Dashavatara Temple at Deogarh is a classic example of Gupta period temple architecture.
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The Ajanta Caves, famous for their murals and frescoes, belong to which period?
B · Gupta period
The Ajanta Caves were developed mainly during the Gupta period and are renowned for their artistic murals.
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Gupta sculpture?
B · Graceful and naturalistic forms
Gupta sculptures are known for their graceful, naturalistic, and sensuous forms, representing a high point in Indian art.
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Refer to the diagram below showing the plan of a Gupta period temple. Which architectural element is labeled as 'A' representing the sanctum sanctorum?
B · Garbhagriha
The 'Garbhagriha' is the sanctum sanctorum of a temple where the main deity is housed.
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Which Sanskrit poet and dramatist flourished during the Gupta period and authored 'Shakuntala'?
A · Kalidasa
Kalidasa, the celebrated Sanskrit poet and dramatist, flourished during the Gupta period and wrote the famous play 'Shakuntala'.
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Nalanda University, a prominent center of learning during the Gupta period, was primarily associated with which religion?
B · Buddhism
Nalanda University was a major Buddhist monastic university and a center of learning during the Gupta period.
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Which Gupta scholar is known for his contributions to grammar and authored the text 'Kavyaprakasha'?
A · Dandin
Dandin was a Gupta period scholar known for his work 'Kavyaprakasha', a treatise on poetics and grammar.
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The 'Gupta era' calendar started from which year?
A · 320 CE
The Gupta era calendar is believed to have started in 320 CE, coinciding with the coronation of Chandragupta I.
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Which inscription provides detailed information about Samudragupta's military campaigns?
A · Allahabad Pillar Inscription
The Allahabad Pillar inscription of Samudragupta details his military conquests and political achievements.
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Which Gupta ruler was known by the title 'Vikramaditya'?
C · Chandragupta II
Chandragupta II was known by the title 'Vikramaditya', symbolizing his valor and patronage of arts.
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Which of the following was a major export commodity during the Gupta period?
D · Cotton textiles
Cotton textiles were a major export commodity during the Gupta period, traded extensively with other regions.
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The Gupta period economy was primarily based on:
A · Agriculture and trade
The Gupta economy was primarily agrarian supplemented by thriving internal and external trade.
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Which trade route was significant for Gupta period commerce?
A · Silk Road
The Silk Road facilitated trade between the Gupta Empire and Central Asia, China, and the Mediterranean world.
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Which Gupta ruler is credited with issuing gold coins known as 'dinara'?
B · Samudragupta
Samudragupta issued gold coins called 'dinara' which were notable for their artistic quality and inscriptions.
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Which Gupta ruler is credited with initiating the golden age of the Gupta Empire through political consolidation and patronage of arts?
A · Chandragupta I
Chandragupta I is recognized for founding the Gupta Empire and initiating its golden age by consolidating power and promoting cultural growth.
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The administrative system of the Gupta Empire was characterized by which of the following features?
B · Decentralized governance with local autonomy under feudatories
The Gupta administration was largely decentralized, with local feudatories enjoying considerable autonomy under the emperor's suzerainty.
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Which Gupta ruler is famously known as the 'Napoleon of India' for his military conquests and expansion of the empire?
B · Samudragupta
Samudragupta earned the title 'Napoleon of India' due to his extensive military campaigns and territorial expansion.
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The Gupta period saw the introduction of which system of taxation that contributed to the empire’s prosperity?
A · Land revenue system based on crop yield
The Gupta administration implemented a land revenue system where taxes were levied based on agricultural output, boosting state income.
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Which of the following was a major export commodity during the Gupta period that enhanced trade relations with the Roman Empire?
A · Cotton textiles
Cotton textiles were a significant export during the Gupta period, traded extensively with the Roman Empire and other regions.
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Which city was a prominent trade center during the Gupta period known for its flourishing commerce and crafts?
B · Ujjain
Ujjain was a major commercial hub during the Gupta era, strategically located on trade routes and known for its crafts and markets.
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The coinage of the Gupta Empire is notable for which of the following features?
A · Use of gold coins with intricate designs and inscriptions
Gupta coinage is famous for its gold coins featuring detailed images of rulers and deities, reflecting prosperity and artistic excellence.
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Which architectural style is predominantly associated with the Gupta period?
B · Nagara style with curvilinear shikharas
The Gupta period is known for the Nagara style of temple architecture characterized by curvilinear towers (shikharas).
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The famous iron pillar of Delhi, dating back to the Gupta period, is remarkable for its:
A · Rust-resistant composition
The iron pillar is notable for its resistance to corrosion, demonstrating advanced metallurgical skills during the Gupta era.
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Which Gupta period sculpture style is characterized by smooth, idealized human forms and elaborate ornamentation?
A · Mathura school
The Mathura school of sculpture flourished during the Gupta period, known for idealized human figures with intricate details.
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The Dashavatara temple at Deogarh is an example of which aspect of Gupta art and architecture?
A · Early Hindu temple architecture with intricate relief panels
The Dashavatara temple is one of the earliest surviving Hindu temples, showcasing Gupta architectural style and detailed sculptural panels.
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During the Gupta period, which religion saw significant revival and royal patronage, influencing art and culture?
C · Hinduism
Hinduism experienced a revival during the Gupta era, with royal support promoting temple building and religious art.
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Which Gupta ruler is known for his patronage of the Buddhist university at Nalanda?
C · Kumaragupta I
Kumaragupta I is credited with supporting the establishment and growth of Nalanda University during the Gupta period.
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Which of the following religious texts was composed during the Gupta period, reflecting the cultural synthesis of the era?
C · Puranas
Many Puranas were compiled and popularized during the Gupta period, integrating religious and cultural traditions.
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The Gupta period is noted for the promotion of which cultural practice that combined religious devotion with artistic expression?
A · Bhakti movement
The Bhakti movement, emphasizing personal devotion to deities, gained prominence during the Gupta era, influencing art and literature.
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Which classical Sanskrit poet, known for the play 'Shakuntala', flourished during the Gupta period?
A · Kalidasa
Kalidasa, the greatest classical Sanskrit poet and dramatist, composed 'Shakuntala' during the Gupta era.
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Nalanda University, which flourished during the Gupta period, was primarily known for teaching which subjects?
B · Buddhist philosophy and logic
Nalanda was a renowned center for Buddhist studies, philosophy, and logic during the Gupta period.
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Which mathematician from the Gupta period is credited with significant contributions to the concept of zero and decimal system?
A · Aryabhata
Aryabhata, a prominent Gupta-era mathematician, made pioneering contributions to zero and the decimal place value system.
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Which literary work, authored during the Gupta period, is a famous prose biography of King Harsha?
A · Harshacharita by Banabhatta
Harshacharita, written by Banabhatta, is a celebrated biography of King Harsha composed in the Gupta period.
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Which Gupta ruler successfully repelled the invasions of the Hunas, preserving the empire's stability for a time?
C · Skandagupta
Skandagupta is known for defending the Gupta Empire against the Hunas, maintaining its territorial integrity.
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The Gupta Empire maintained diplomatic relations with which of the following foreign powers, as evidenced by inscriptions and trade records?
A · Roman Empire
The Gupta Empire had active trade and diplomatic contacts with the Roman Empire, as indicated by archaeological and literary sources.
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Which military innovation or strategy was employed by the Gupta rulers to consolidate their empire?
A · Use of war elephants in battle formations
Gupta armies effectively used war elephants as a key component in their military campaigns.
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The decline of the Gupta Empire is primarily attributed to which of the following factors?
A · Repeated invasions by the Hunas and internal rebellions
The Gupta Empire weakened due to repeated Huna invasions and internal political instability.
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Which dynasty founded the Delhi Sultanate in 1206 CE?
A · Mamluk (Slave) dynasty
The Delhi Sultanate was established by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founder of the Mamluk (Slave) dynasty, in 1206 CE.
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The primary purpose of the Iqta system under the Delhi Sultanate was to:
A · Distribute land revenue assignments to nobles
The Iqta system involved assigning revenue from land to military officers and nobles in exchange for their service to the Sultanate.
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Which ruler of the Delhi Sultanate was responsible for the introduction of the market control policy known as 'Diwan-i-Riyasat'?
A · Alauddin Khilji
Alauddin Khilji introduced market control policies including price regulation and the establishment of Diwan-i-Riyasat to control the economy.
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Analyze the impact of the Tughlaq dynasty's transfer of the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad on the Sultanate's stability.
B · It caused administrative chaos and weakened the Sultanate
Muhammad bin Tughlaq's decision to move the capital caused logistical problems, dissatisfaction among nobles and commoners, leading to instability.
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Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India?
A · Babur
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the Battle of Panipat in 1526 and founded the Mughal Empire.
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Which Mughal emperor is credited with the establishment of a centralized administrative system and the introduction of the Mansabdari system?
A · Akbar
Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system to organize the military and civil administration efficiently.
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The Mughal ruler known for his policy of Sulh-i-Kul (universal tolerance) was:
A · Akbar
Akbar promoted Sulh-i-Kul, a policy of religious tolerance and peaceful coexistence among different faiths.
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Which Mughal emperor faced the Maratha uprising and had to deal with the Deccan conflicts extensively?
A · Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb's long reign was marked by prolonged conflicts in the Deccan region, especially with the Marathas.
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Evaluate the significance of the Battle of Panipat (1526) in Indian history.
A · It marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire in India
The Battle of Panipat in 1526 was decisive in establishing Mughal rule in India under Babur.
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Which of the following was a prominent regional kingdom during medieval India known for its temple architecture and patronage of art?
A · Vijayanagara Empire
The Vijayanagara Empire was a major South Indian kingdom famous for its temple architecture and cultural contributions.
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Which Sultanate was established in the Deccan region and was known for its capital at Gulbarga?
A · Bahmani Sultanate
The Bahmani Sultanate was a prominent Deccan Sultanate with its capital at Gulbarga.
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The Rajput kingdoms were primarily located in which region of medieval India?
A · Northwest and Central India
Rajput kingdoms were mainly situated in northwest and central India, including Rajasthan and surrounding areas.
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Which of the following was a significant socio-economic feature of medieval India?
A · The dominance of agrarian economy with land revenue as the main source of income
Medieval India had an agrarian economy where land revenue was the primary source of state income.
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Which factor contributed most to the growth of urban centers during medieval India?
A · Expansion of trade and crafts
Trade expansion and the growth of crafts and markets led to the rise of urban centers in medieval India.
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Analyze the impact of the introduction of Persian as the court language during the Delhi Sultanate on Indian society.
A · It facilitated cultural synthesis and administrative efficiency
The use of Persian helped in administration and led to cultural and literary synthesis between Persian and Indian traditions.
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Which Bhakti saint was known for composing devotional songs in vernacular Marathi and promoting social equality?
A · Sant Tukaram
Sant Tukaram was a prominent Marathi Bhakti poet who emphasized devotion and social equality.
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Which of the following architectural styles is associated with the Delhi Sultanate period?
A · True arch and dome construction with use of red sandstone
Delhi Sultanate architecture introduced true arches and domes, often using red sandstone.
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The Sufi movement in medieval India primarily emphasized:
A · Mystical devotion and love for God beyond rituals
Sufism focused on mystical experience and universal love, transcending rigid rituals and divisions.
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Which was the highest administrative office in the Mughal Empire responsible for revenue collection and civil administration?
A · Diwan-i-Wizarat
The Diwan-i-Wizarat was the chief revenue officer and head of civil administration in the Mughal Empire.
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The Mansabdari system was primarily designed to:
A · Classify officials and military commanders based on rank and salary
The Mansabdari system assigned ranks (mansabs) to officials and military commanders, determining their salary and duties.
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Which medieval Indian personality is known for compiling the historical work 'Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi'?
A · Ziauddin Barani
Ziauddin Barani was a historian of the Delhi Sultanate who wrote 'Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi'.
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Which event marked the end of the Delhi Sultanate and the beginning of Mughal rule in India?
A · First Battle of Panipat (1526)
The First Battle of Panipat in 1526 ended the Delhi Sultanate and established Mughal rule under Babur.
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Which dynasty established the Sultanate of Delhi in the early 13th century?
B · Mamluk Dynasty
The Mamluk Dynasty, also known as the Slave Dynasty, was the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, established by Qutb-ud-din Aibak in the early 13th century.
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The Battle of Talikota (1565) led to the downfall of which South Indian empire?
A · Vijayanagara Empire
The Battle of Talikota in 1565 was fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Deccan Sultanates, resulting in the defeat and decline of the Vijayanagara Empire.
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Which of the following was a major feature of the agrarian economy during the Delhi Sultanate period?
B · Introduction of cash crops like sugarcane and cotton
During the Delhi Sultanate, cash crops such as sugarcane and cotton were cultivated extensively, marking an important development in the agrarian economy.
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Which social group primarily controlled the trade guilds in medieval Indian towns?
B · Merchants
Merchants were the main controllers of trade guilds in medieval India, organizing trade and commerce in urban centers.
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Which Bhakti saint composed devotional poetry in the language of the common people and emphasized personal devotion to Lord Vishnu?
C · Surdas
Surdas was a Bhakti saint known for his devotional poetry in Braj Bhasha, focusing on Lord Krishna, an incarnation of Vishnu, and emphasizing personal devotion.
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The Persian language gained prominence in medieval India primarily due to the influence of which dynasty?
C · Mughal Dynasty
The Mughal Dynasty patronized Persian as the court language, which became the language of administration and culture in medieval India.
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Which architectural style is characterized by the use of pointed arches, domes, and minarets introduced in India during the Delhi Sultanate?
B · Indo-Islamic Architecture
Indo-Islamic architecture, introduced during the Delhi Sultanate, is known for pointed arches, domes, minarets, and intricate ornamentation.
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Which monument was built by Sultan Alauddin Khilji as a symbol of his power and military success?
B · Alai Darwaza
The Alai Darwaza, built by Alauddin Khilji in the Qutb complex, is a fine example of early Indo-Islamic architecture symbolizing his power.
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Which administrative office was responsible for maintaining land revenue records during the Mughal period?
D · Patwari
The Patwari was the village-level official responsible for maintaining land revenue records and overseeing agricultural statistics.
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Which Mughal emperor introduced the Mansabdari system to organize the military and civil administration?
B · Akbar
Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system, which assigned ranks (mansabs) to officers for military and civil duties, ensuring centralized control.
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The Ain-i-Akbari, a detailed record of Akbar's administration, was written by which historian?
A · Abul Fazl
Abul Fazl, Akbar's court historian, authored the Ain-i-Akbari, documenting the emperor's administration, culture, and society.
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Which medieval Indian ruler is known for his resistance against the Mughal expansion in the Deccan region?
C · Chhatrapati Shivaji
Chhatrapati Shivaji established the Maratha Empire and actively resisted Mughal expansion in the Deccan.
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The construction of Fatehpur Sikri was commissioned by which Mughal emperor?
B · Akbar
Akbar commissioned the construction of Fatehpur Sikri as his capital, which reflects Mughal architectural brilliance.
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Which medieval Indian ruler is credited with introducing the 'Rupee' as a silver coin?
A · Sher Shah Suri
Sher Shah Suri introduced the silver Rupee coin, standardizing currency and facilitating trade.
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Which of the following statements about the Delhi Sultanate's administrative system is correct?
B · The Iqta system involved granting land revenue rights to officers
The Iqta system granted revenue collection rights over certain lands to officers (Iqta holders) in return for military or administrative services.
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Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India?
A · Babur
Babur established the Mughal Empire in India after his victory at the Battle of Panipat in 1526.
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The Battle of Panipat (1526) was fought between Babur and which ruler?
A · Ibrahim Lodi
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi of the Delhi Sultanate in the First Battle of Panipat, marking the beginning of Mughal rule.
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Which of the following factors contributed most to the establishment of the Mughal Empire in India?
A · Superior artillery and cavalry tactics
Babur's use of superior artillery and cavalry tactics was decisive in his victory over larger armies, enabling the establishment of the Mughal Empire.
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Which Mughal emperor is known for the establishment of a centralized administrative system and the introduction of the Mansabdari system?
A · Akbar
Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system and centralized administration to consolidate Mughal power.
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The reign of which Mughal emperor is often called the 'Golden Age' of Mughal architecture?
A · Shah Jahan
Shah Jahan's reign saw the construction of iconic monuments like the Taj Mahal, marking the golden age of Mughal architecture.
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Which Mughal emperor is credited with expanding the empire to its greatest territorial extent?
A · Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb expanded the Mughal Empire to its largest size through military campaigns in the Deccan and beyond.
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Which of the following statements about Emperor Jahangir's reign is correct?
A · He was known for his justice and patronage of the arts
Jahangir was noted for his fair justice system and support for arts and culture during his reign.
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Analyze the impact of Aurangzeb's religious policies on the Mughal Empire.
A · They led to increased internal dissent and contributed to the empire's decline
Aurangzeb's orthodox policies alienated many non-Muslim subjects, leading to rebellions and weakening the empire.
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What was the primary function of the Mansabdari system in the Mughal administration?
A · To rank officials and assign military and civil duties
The Mansabdari system was a bureaucratic ranking system that assigned military and administrative responsibilities to officials.
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Which of the following was NOT a feature of the Mughal administrative system?
B · Decentralized village councils with autonomous powers
While village councils existed, they did not have autonomous powers; the Mughal system was largely centralized.
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Which Mughal official was primarily responsible for revenue administration and finance?
A · Diwan
The Diwan was the finance minister responsible for revenue collection and financial administration.
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Evaluate the significance of the Mansabdari system in maintaining Mughal military strength.
A · It ensured a disciplined and organized military by linking rank with land revenue
The Mansabdari system linked military rank with land revenue assignments, ensuring a steady supply of troops and loyalty.
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Which battle marked the beginning of Mughal expansion into northern India under Babur?
A · First Battle of Panipat
The First Battle of Panipat (1526) was Babur's decisive victory over Ibrahim Lodi, marking Mughal expansion in northern India.
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The Battle of Haldighati (1576) was fought between Mughal forces and which Rajput ruler?
A · Maharana Pratap
Maharana Pratap of Mewar fought against Akbar's Mughal forces in the Battle of Haldighati.
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Which Mughal emperor defeated Sher Shah Suri's successors to regain the throne of India?
A · Humayun
Humayun regained the Mughal throne after defeating Sher Shah Suri's successors following his exile.
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Analyze the significance of Aurangzeb’s Deccan campaigns in the Mughal Empire’s history.
A · They drained the empire’s resources and contributed to its decline
Aurangzeb’s prolonged Deccan campaigns exhausted the empire’s finances and manpower, accelerating its decline.
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Which Mughal monument is an example of the synthesis of Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural styles?
A · Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal combines Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural elements and is a hallmark of Mughal architecture.
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Which Mughal emperor commissioned the construction of Fatehpur Sikri?
A · Akbar
Akbar built Fatehpur Sikri as his capital, showcasing Mughal architectural innovation.
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The Mughal miniature painting style flourished primarily under which emperor?
D · Jahangir
Jahangir was a great patron of the arts and significantly developed the Mughal miniature painting tradition.
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Evaluate the architectural significance of the Red Fort in Delhi.
A · It symbolizes Mughal power and combines Persian and Indian architectural elements
The Red Fort is a symbol of Mughal imperial power and showcases a blend of Persian and Indian architectural styles.
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Which crop was a major contributor to the Mughal economy due to its export value?
A · Cotton
Cotton was extensively cultivated and exported during the Mughal period, contributing significantly to the economy.
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Which of the following statements about Mughal trade is correct?
A · Mughal India had flourishing trade links with Central Asia and Europe
Mughal India had active trade relations with Central Asia, Europe, and other regions via land and sea routes.
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Which Mughal revenue system involved the assessment and collection of land taxes in cash?
A · Zabt system
The Zabt system was a land revenue system where taxes were assessed and collected in cash based on crop production.
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Which of the following was a major cause of the decline of the Mughal Empire?
A · Weak successors and administrative inefficiency
The decline was due to weak rulers, administrative breakdown, and internal conflicts.
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Which event is considered a significant turning point marking the decline of the Mughal Empire?
A · Invasion of Nadir Shah in 1739
Nadir Shah's invasion weakened the Mughal Empire politically and economically, accelerating its decline.
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Analyze the role of the Maratha Confederacy in the decline of the Mughal Empire.
A · They challenged Mughal authority and contributed to its fragmentation
The Marathas challenged Mughal control in the Deccan and played a key role in weakening the empire.
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Which of the following was a key feature of the British colonial administrative system in India?
B · Direct rule through the Governor-General and civil services
The British colonial administration in India was characterized by direct rule through the Governor-General and a structured civil service, centralizing power under British officials.
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The Doctrine of Lapse, introduced by Lord Dalhousie, primarily aimed at:
B · Annexing princely states without a natural heir
The Doctrine of Lapse allowed the British East India Company to annex princely states where the ruler died without a natural heir, expanding British control.
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Which of the following Acts introduced the system of local self-government in British India?
C · Local Self-Government Act of 1882
The Local Self-Government Act of 1882 was introduced to promote local governance institutions like municipalities and district boards.
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The Revolt of 1857 was triggered primarily by which of the following causes?
B · Introduction of the Enfield rifle cartridges rumored to be greased with cow and pig fat
The immediate cause of the 1857 revolt was the introduction of Enfield rifle cartridges rumored to be greased with cow and pig fat, offending both Hindu and Muslim soldiers.
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Which of the following statements about the Indian National Congress in its early phase is correct?
B · It initially aimed at seeking reforms within the British administration.
In its early phase, the Indian National Congress aimed at seeking reforms within the British administration rather than demanding complete independence.
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The Partition of Bengal in 1905 was opposed because it was seen as a British attempt to:
B · Divide and rule by creating communal divisions
The Partition of Bengal was widely opposed as a British tactic to divide and rule by creating communal divisions between Hindus and Muslims.
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The Home Rule Movement (1916-1918) was initiated by which two leaders?
A · Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant
The Home Rule Movement was started by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant to demand self-government within the British Empire.
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The Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Gandhi in 1920 was primarily a response to:
A · The Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh massacre
The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in response to the repressive Rowlatt Act and the brutal Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
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Which of the following was NOT a principle advocated by Mahatma Gandhi during the freedom struggle?
C · Armed revolution
Gandhi strongly opposed armed revolution and instead advocated non-violence, civil disobedience, and swaraj.
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The Salt March (Dandi March) of 1930 was significant because it:
B · Marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement
The Salt March was a non-violent protest against the British salt tax and marked the start of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
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Which of the following best describes the Brahmo Samaj founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy?
B · A social reform movement advocating monotheism and abolition of caste discrimination
The Brahmo Samaj was a social reform movement promoting monotheism, social equality, and abolition of caste discrimination.
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Which social reformer is known for his efforts to eradicate untouchability and promote education among Dalits?
B · Jyotirao Phule
Jyotirao Phule worked extensively for the upliftment of Dalits and promoted education for marginalized communities.
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The economic impact of British colonial rule on India included:
B · Deindustrialization and drain of wealth from India to Britain
British rule led to deindustrialization, especially in textiles, and a significant drain of wealth from India to Britain.
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Which of the following was a consequence of the Permanent Settlement introduced by the British in Bengal?
B · Creation of a new class of zamindars with fixed land revenue obligations
The Permanent Settlement created a class of zamindars who had to pay fixed revenue to the British but often exploited peasants.
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The economic term 'Drain of Wealth' in the context of British India refers to:
A · The transfer of Indian resources and wealth to Britain without adequate return
The 'Drain of Wealth' describes the systematic transfer of India's wealth to Britain, impoverishing the Indian economy.
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Who among the following was known as the 'Iron Man of India' and played a key role in the integration of princely states after independence?
B · Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was called the 'Iron Man of India' for his role in unifying the princely states into the Indian Union.
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Sarojini Naidu is best remembered for her contributions as:
B · A poet and a prominent female leader in the Indian National Congress
Sarojini Naidu was a renowned poet and an important female leader in the Indian National Congress and the freedom movement.
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Which leader is associated with the slogan 'Jai Hind' and the formation of the Indian National Army (INA)?
B · Subhas Chandra Bose
Subhas Chandra Bose formed the INA and popularized the slogan 'Jai Hind' during the freedom struggle.
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The Indian Independence Act of 1947 resulted in:
B · The partition of British India into India and Pakistan
The Indian Independence Act of 1947 partitioned British India into two dominions: India and Pakistan.
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Which of the following was a major cause of the communal violence during the Partition of India in 1947?
D · All of the above
Communal violence during Partition was caused by multiple factors including British policies, political failures, and the demand for Pakistan.
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The Mountbatten Plan of 1947 proposed:
B · Partition of India and transfer of power by August 15, 1947
The Mountbatten Plan recommended partition of India and transfer of power to Indian leaders by August 15, 1947.
