Quick recall · 276 cards
Short MCQ-style retrieval prompts. Tap a card to reveal the answer.
PYQ
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Fire : Burn :: Knife : ?
B · Cut
PYQ
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Book : Author :: Painting : ?
A · Artist
PYQ
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Moon : Satellite :: Earth : ?
A · Planet
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Doctor : Diagnosis :: Judge : ?
D · Verdict
PYQ
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Fish : School :: Bird : ?
B · Flock
PYQ
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Odometer : Mileage :: Compass : ?
D · Direction
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Marathon : Race :: Hibernation : ?
D · Sleep
PYQ
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Drip : Gush :: Dent : ?
B · Laugh
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Federal Reserve System : USA :: RBI : ?
A · India
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Joey : Kangaroo :: Calf : ?
B · Cow
PYQ
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Choose the word which is least like the other words in the group.
A · Zebra
PYQ · 2025
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Which of the following is the odd one out?
D · Wolf
Lion, Tiger, and Cheetah belong to the cat family (Felidae), while Wolf belongs to the dog family (Canidae). Thus, Wolf is the odd one out. Option D is Wolf.
PYQ
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Choose the figure which is different from the rest.
C · Figure C
Figures A, B, and D have three lines forming a triangle with internal shading, while Figure C has four lines forming a square. Therefore, Figure C is odd. Option C corresponds to Figure C.
PYQ
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In the following series, find the odd pair out: (A) 12-144, (B) 13-169, (C) 14-186, (D) 15-225
C · C
12²=144, 13²=169, 15²=225, but 14²=196 (not 186). Thus, pair C (14-186) does not follow the square pattern. Option C is the correct choice.
PYQ
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Find the odd one out from the given alternatives: (A) Mason-Wall, (B) Cobbler-Shoe, (C) Farmer-Crop, (D) Teacher-Student
D · D
Mason builds Wall, Cobbler makes/repairs Shoe, Farmer grows Crop; these are products of their work. Teacher does not produce Student as a product. Hence, D is odd. Option D is correct.
PYQ
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In the series 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, ?, what will be the next term?
C · C) 37
PYQ
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Pick the correct option for the following series: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ?
C · C) 18
PYQ
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In the series 2, 6, 18, 54, ?, what will be the next term?
B · B) 162
PYQ
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Find the missing number in the series: 120, 99, 80, 63, 48, ?
A · A) 35
PYQ
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Statements: All dogs are mammals. Some mammals are cats. Conclusions: I. All dogs are cats. II. Some cats are dogs. Which conclusion(s) logically follow from the given statements?
D · Neither I nor II follows
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Statements: All students who study regularly pass exams. John studies regularly. Conclusions: I. John will pass exams. II. All students pass exams. Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A · Only conclusion I follows
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Statements: No women teacher can play. Some women teachers are athletes. Conclusions: I. Male athletes can play. II. Some athletes can play. Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
D · Neither I nor II follows
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Statements: Every minister is a student. Some heavy things are grey in colour. Conclusions: I. Some heavy things are students. II. Some students are heavy things. Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A · Only conclusion I follows
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Mike finished ahead of Paul. Paul and Brian both finished before Liam. Owen did not finish last. Who was the last to finish?
D · Liam
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Statements: All mangoes are golden in colour. No cheap thing is golden in colour. Conclusions: I. No mango is cheap. II. All golden-coloured things are mangoes. Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A · Only conclusion I follows
PYQ
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Statements: All apples are green in colour. No cheap thing is green in colour. Conclusions: I. No apple is cheap. II. All green-coloured things are apples. Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A · Only conclusion I follows
PYQ
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The operating income/sales ratio is an example of:
A) turnover or efficiency ratio
B) coverage or liquidity ratio
C) leverage or debt ratio
D) none of the above
A · turnover or efficiency ratio
PYQ · 2023
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Statement: All cats are mammals. Some mammals are black. Conclusion: Some cats are black.
Which of the following pieces of information would be MOST helpful in evaluating the validity of this argument?
D · D. Whether some black mammals are cats.
PYQ
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A student says: "I failed one history quiz, so I’ll never be good at history." Which cognitive bias is this an example of?
A. Confirmation bias
B. Overgeneralization
C. Sunk cost fallacy
D. Availability heuristic
B · Overgeneralization
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Statement: A child climbs over a fence in a neighbor's yard and does not return to the game on the other side.
Proposed Inference: The child lives in the house.
Does this inference necessarily follow?
A. Yes
B. No
B · No
PYQ
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Critical thinking is essential to reasoning well through complicated issues.
A. True
B. False
A · True
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The Behaviourist Theory is explained in terms of:
(A) conditioning
(B) behaviour
(C) attitude
(D) personality
A · conditioning
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Which of the following pairs best represents a "Synonym" type analogy?
Happy : Joyful :: Sad : ?
B · Unhappy
The analogy shows synonym relationships: Happy is synonymous with Joyful, similarly Sad is synonymous with Unhappy.
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Identify the type of analogy in the pair:
Bird : Fly :: Fish : Swim
A · Functional Analogy
The analogy relates the function or action associated with each subject: Birds fly, fish swim.
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Select the correct analogy type:
Knife : Cut :: Pen : ?
B · Functional
Knife is used to cut, similarly pen is used to write, indicating a functional relationship.
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Identify the relationship type in the analogy:
Doctor : Medicine :: Teacher : ?
B · Field of Work
Doctor is associated with medicine (field of work), similarly teacher is associated with education.
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Find the correct analogy:
Glove : Hand :: Sock : ?
A · Foot
A glove covers the hand, similarly a sock covers the foot, indicating a part-whole relationship.
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Which analogy shows a cause-effect relationship?
Rain : Flood :: Fire : ?
A · Smoke
Rain causes flood, similarly fire causes smoke, showing cause-effect relationship.
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Select the pair that best represents a semantic analogy:
Apple : Fruit :: Rose : ?
A · Flower
Apple is a type of fruit, similarly rose is a type of flower, showing semantic category relationship.
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Choose the correct analogy:
Teacher : Educate :: Knife : ?
A · Cut
Teacher educates, similarly knife cuts, showing functional analogy.
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Identify the correct cause-effect analogy:
Smoking : Cancer :: Pollution : ?
C · Global Warming
Smoking causes cancer, similarly pollution causes global warming, both are cause-effect relationships.
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Find the functional analogy:
Pen : Write :: Brush : ?
B · Draw
Pen is used to write, similarly brush is used to draw, indicating a functional relationship.
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Select the correct part-whole analogy:
Wheel : Car :: Leaf : ?
A · Tree
Wheel is a part of a car, similarly leaf is a part of a tree, showing part-whole relationship.
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Choose the degree and intensity analogy:
Warm : Hot :: Cool : ?
A · Cold
Warm is less intense than hot, similarly cool is less intense than cold, showing degree/intensity analogy.
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Choose the pair that best represents the same type of relationship as in the following analogy: "Bright : Dull"
B · Hot : Cold
"Bright : Dull" is an antonym pair, so the correct answer must also be antonyms. "Hot : Cold" are antonyms.
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Identify the correct analogy: "Finger : Hand :: Leaf : ?"
A · Tree
A finger is a part of a hand, similarly a leaf is a part of a tree (part-whole relationship).
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Select the pair that shows the same relationship as: "Teacher : Educate"
D · All of the above
Teacher educates, knife cuts, painter paints, and doctor heals. All show the function relationship.
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Find the analogy that best fits the pattern: "Cold : Freezing :: Warm : ?"
B · Hot
"Freezing" is an extreme degree of "Cold", similarly "Hot" is an extreme degree of "Warm".
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What is the relationship between the words in the pair: "Sword : Warrior"?
B · Tool and User
A sword is a tool used by a warrior, so the relationship is Tool and User.
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Identify the relationship type in the analogy: "Fire : Smoke :: Rain : Flood"
A · Cause and Effect
Fire causes smoke, similarly rain can cause flood. This is a cause-effect relationship.
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Choose the correct analogy to solve this problem: "Book : Reading :: Microscope : ?"
B · Observing
A book is used for reading, similarly a microscope is used for observing.
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Solve the analogy: "Lion : Courage :: Owl : ?"
A · Wisdom
Lion symbolizes courage, similarly owl symbolizes wisdom (symbolism relationship).
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Identify the complex analogy involving multiple relationships: "Seed : Tree :: Idea : ?"
D · Success
A seed grows into a tree (part-whole and cause-effect), similarly an idea, when nurtured, leads to success (cause-effect and result).
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Which of the following is a common trap in analogies like: "Car : Garage :: Book : Library"?
A · Confusing part-whole with location
Car is stored in a garage (location), and book is stored in a library (location). Confusing this with part-whole can be a common trap.
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In the analogy: "Quasar : Galaxy :: ? : ?", which of the following pairs best completes the analogy considering hierarchical classification, scale, and energy output concepts?
A · Neuron : Brain
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Complete the analogy: "Cipher : Code :: ? : ?" where the relationship involves encryption methods, complexity levels, and reversibility.
D · Key : Lock
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Find the pair that completes the analogy: "Mercury : Thermometer :: ? : ?", considering physical properties, measurement principles, and state changes.
B · Alcohol : Barometer
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Identify the correct analogy: "Entropy : Disorder :: ? : ?", integrating thermodynamics, information theory, and system states.
D · Chaos : Predictability
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Complete the analogy: "Prime : Composite :: ? : ?", considering number theory, factorization properties, and uniqueness.
A · Irreducible Polynomial : Reducible Polynomial
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Find the pair that completes the analogy: "Sine : Cosine :: ? : ?", considering trigonometric identities, phase shifts, and periodicity.
A · Tangent : Cotangent
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Complete the analogy: "Oxidation : Rusting :: ? : ?", integrating chemical reactions, environmental conditions, and material degradation.
C · Corrosion : Tarnishing
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Identify the pair completing the analogy: "Neuron : Synapse :: ? : ?", considering biological communication, signal transmission, and functional units.
B · CPU : Bus
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Find the pair that completes the analogy: "Isotope : Element :: ? : ?", integrating atomic structure, nuclear properties, and chemical behavior.
B · Ion : Atom
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Complete the analogy: "Algorithm : Heuristic :: ? : ?", integrating problem-solving approaches, certainty, and computational complexity.
B · Exact : Approximate
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Find the pair completing the analogy: "Vector : Scalar :: ? : ?", considering mathematical properties, dimensionality, and physical quantities.
C · Speed : Velocity
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Complete the analogy: "Symbiosis : Mutualism :: ? : ?", integrating ecological relationships, dependency types, and benefit distribution.
C · Mutualism : Commensalism
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Find the pair completing the analogy: "Hypotenuse : Right Triangle :: ? : ?", integrating geometric properties, side relationships, and triangle classification.
B · Diagonal : Rectangle
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Complete the analogy: "Mitosis : Cell Division :: ? : ?", integrating biological processes, outcome types, and genetic continuity.
A · Meiosis : Sexual Reproduction
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Identify the pair completing the analogy: "Hypothesis : Theory :: ? : ?", integrating scientific method stages, evidence strength, and acceptance levels.
B · Postulate : Law
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Complete the analogy: "Capital : Country :: ? : ?", integrating political geography, administrative hierarchy, and governance structures.
B · Headquarters : Company
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Find the pair completing the analogy: "Photosynthesis : Chlorophyll :: ? : ?", integrating biological functions, pigment roles, and energy conversion.
A · Respiration : Mitochondria
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Which of the following best defines classification in verbal reasoning?
A · Grouping items based on common attributes
Classification involves grouping items that share common attributes or characteristics.
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Which of the following is an example of classification?
A · Apple, Banana, Carrot, Mango
Apple, Banana, Carrot, and Mango are all edible items (fruits and vegetables), grouped based on edibility, demonstrating classification.
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In classification, which of the following is NOT a valid basis for grouping items?
C · Random selection
Random selection does not provide a logical or common attribute basis for classification.
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Which of the following sets is classified based on the basis of 'function'?
C · Knife, Spoon, Fork, Plate
Knife, Spoon, Fork, and Plate are classified based on their function as eating utensils.
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What is the most appropriate basis of classification for the group: Rose, Tulip, Lotus, Sunflower?
D · Flower type
All are types of flowers, so the basis of classification is 'flower type'.
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Which basis of classification is used in the following set: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars?
D · Type of celestial body
All are planets, so the basis of classification is the type of celestial body.
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Which of the following is an example of object classification?
A · Apple, Banana, Carrot, Mango
Object classification groups tangible items like fruits and vegetables.
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Which set represents concept classification?
A · Love, Hate, Joy, Anger
Concept classification groups abstract ideas or feelings.
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Which of the following is an example of word classification?
A · Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb
Word classification groups words based on grammatical categories.
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Identify the odd one out based on classification: Dog, Cat, Car, Elephant
C · Car
Car is not an animal, while the others are animals.
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Find the odd one out: Rose, Tulip, Lotus, Potato
D · Potato
Potato is a vegetable (tuber), others are flowers.
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Which is the odd one out based on the basis of color? Red, Blue, Green, Chair
D · Chair
Chair is an object, others are colors.
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Find the odd one out: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Sun
D · Sun
Sun is a star, others are planets.
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Identify the odd one out: Circle, Square, Triangle, Blue
D · Blue
Blue is a color, others are shapes.
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Fire : Burn :: Knife : ?
A · Cut
Fire causes burning, similarly, a knife is used to cut.
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Book : Author :: Painting : ?
A · Painter
An author creates a book, similarly, a painter creates a painting.
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Moon : Satellite :: Earth : ?
A · Planet
Moon is a satellite, Earth is a planet.
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Dog : Animal :: Rose : ?
A · Flower
Dog is an animal, Rose is a flower.
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Car : Vehicle :: Pen : ?
A · Writing instrument
Car is a type of vehicle, Pen is a type of writing instrument.
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Apple : Fruit :: Carrot : ?
A · Vegetable
Apple is a fruit, Carrot is a vegetable.
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In a multi-level classification, which of the following shows correct hierarchy?
A · Animal > Mammal > Dog
The hierarchy goes from general to specific: Animal (general) > Mammal (subcategory) > Dog (specific).
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Which of the following represents a multi-level classification of plants?
A · Plant > Tree > Mango
The correct hierarchy is Plant (general) > Tree (subcategory) > Mango (specific).
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Which is the correct hierarchical classification of the following: Vehicle, Car, Sedan?
A · Vehicle > Car > Sedan
Vehicle is the broad category, Car is a type of vehicle, and Sedan is a type of car.
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Identify the odd one out based on multi-level classification: Sparrow, Eagle, Shark, Pigeon
C · Shark
Shark is a fish, others are birds.
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Which of the following groups forms a valid classification set based on the common attribute of "living organisms"?
A · Lion, Tiger, Rose, Elephant
Lion, Tiger, Rose, and Elephant are all living organisms, whereas the other options include non-living things or mixed categories.
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Identify the set that best represents a classification based on the attribute "modes of communication".
A · Email, Telephone, Letter, Radio
Email, Telephone, Letter, and Radio are all modes of communication, while other options represent transport, fruits, and tools respectively.
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Which of the following is NOT a valid classification set based on the attribute "types of beverages"?
C · Bread, Butter, Cheese, Milk
Bread, Butter, Cheese, and Milk are food items, not all beverages. The other options consist entirely of beverages.
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Which common attribute is used to classify the following set: "Rose, Tulip, Sunflower, Lily"?
B · Types of Flowers
All items listed are types of flowers, which is the common attribute for classification.
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Select the basis of classification for the group: "Car, Bicycle, Airplane, Boat".
A · Types of Vehicles
Car, Bicycle, Airplane, and Boat are all types of vehicles used for transportation.
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Identify the odd one out based on the classification by "function".
A · Knife, Spoon, Fork, Plate
Knife, Spoon, and Fork are utensils used for eating, but Plate is a container, not a utensil. Hence, Plate is the odd one out based on function.
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Which of the following sets represents a hierarchical classification?
A · Animal → Mammal → Dog → Bulldog
The sequence Animal → Mammal → Dog → Bulldog shows a hierarchy from general to specific classification.
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Choose the set that best illustrates functional classification.
A · Knife, Scissors, Saw, Hammer
Knife, Scissors, Saw, and Hammer are tools classified based on their function (cutting or hammering).
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Identify the odd one out: Apple, Banana, Carrot, Mango.
C · Carrot
Carrot is a vegetable, while Apple, Banana, and Mango are fruits.
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Which word is the odd one out based on semantic classification?
D · Car
Dog, Cat, and Rabbit are animals, while Car is a vehicle.
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Find the odd one out: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Sun.
D · Sun
Mercury, Venus, and Earth are planets, while Sun is a star.
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Select the correct analogy-based classification: "Bird is to Fly as Fish is to ?"
A · Swim
Birds fly and fish swim; the analogy is based on the primary mode of movement.
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Complete the analogy: "Pen is to Write as Knife is to ?"
A · Cut
Pen is used to write; similarly, Knife is used to cut.
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Choose the correct analogy: "Teacher is to School as Doctor is to ?"
A · Hospital
A teacher works in a school, similarly a doctor works in a hospital.
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Find the odd one out based on multi-level classification: "Sparrow, Eagle, Shark, Pigeon".
C · Shark
Sparrow, Eagle, and Pigeon are birds (avian class), while Shark is a fish.
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In a multi-level classification, which of the following is a correct subclassification of "Fruit"?
D · All of the above
All options show a multi-level classification: Apple is a fruit with Granny Smith as a variety; Car is a vehicle with Sedan as a type; Dog is an animal with Labrador as a breed.
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Identify the odd one out based on hierarchical classification: "Mammal, Reptile, Bird, Insect".
D · Insect
Mammal, Reptile, and Bird are classes of vertebrates, whereas Insect is an invertebrate.
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Which classification type is demonstrated by grouping "Laptop, Desktop, Tablet" under "Computers"?
C · Hierarchical Classification
Grouping Laptop, Desktop, and Tablet under Computers shows hierarchical classification from general to specific.
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Choose the odd one out based on the basis of classification "material used": "Wooden Chair, Plastic Chair, Metal Chair, Glass Table".
D · Glass Table
All except Glass Table are chairs; Glass Table is a table, so it is the odd one out.
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In analogy-based classification, complete the analogy: "Fish is to Water as Bird is to ?"
A · Air
Fish live in water; similarly, birds live in air.
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Which of the following sets shows multi-level classification starting from "Vehicle"?
D · All of the above
All options show multi-level classification from general to specific categories.
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Find the next letter in the series: A, C, E, G, ?
B · I
The series increases by 2 letters each time: A(1), C(3), E(5), G(7). Next is I(9).
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Complete the series: Z, X, U, Q, ?
A · M
The pattern subtracts 2, then 3, then 4 letters: Z(26) -2 = X(24), -3 = U(21), -4 = Q(17), next -5 = M(12).
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Find the next number in the series: 2, 4, 8, 16, ?
C · 32
Each number is multiplied by 2: 2×2=4, 4×2=8, 8×2=16, so next is 16×2=32.
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What is the next number in the series: 3, 6, 11, 18, 27, ?
C · 38
Differences increase by 2: 6-3=3, 11-6=5, 18-11=7, 27-18=9, next difference = 11, so 27+11=38.
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Find the next number in the series: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ?
C · 36
These are perfect squares: 1^2, 2^2, 3^2, 4^2, 5^2, so next is 6^2=36.
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Complete the series: A1, B3, C5, D7, ?
B · E9
Letters increase by 1 (A,B,C,D,E) and numbers increase by 2 (1,3,5,7,9).
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Find the next term in the series: 2A, 4C, 6E, 8G, ?
A · 10I
Numbers increase by 2: 2,4,6,8,10; letters go up by 2 in alphabet: A(1), C(3), E(5), G(7), I(9).
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Find the next term in the series based on logical pattern: 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 17, ?
B · 23
Differences increase by 1: 3-2=1, 5-3=2, 8-5=3, 12-8=4, 17-12=5, next difference=6, so 17+6=23.
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Complete the series: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, ?
C · 64
These are consecutive squares: 1^2, 2^2, ..., 7^2=49, next is 8^2=64.
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Find the next term in the directional series: N, P, S, W, ?
A · Y
Letters correspond to compass points moving clockwise with increasing steps: N(14), P(16), S(19), W(23), next is Y(25).
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Complete the positional series: 1st, 3rd, 6th, 10th, 15th, ?
B · 21st
These are triangular numbers: 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, next is 21 (sum of first 6 natural numbers).
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Complete the analogy-based series: CAT : DOG :: HAT : ?
A · BAT
The analogy is based on a pair of common words where the second is a common counterpart or related word. CAT relates to DOG as HAT relates to BAT, both pairs rhyme and are common word pairs.
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Find the next term in the analogy series: PEN : WRITE :: KNIFE : ?
A · CUT
PEN is used to WRITE, similarly, KNIFE is used to CUT. The analogy is based on the function of the object.
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Complete the analogy series: BIRD : FLY :: FISH : ?
A · SWIM
Birds are known for flying, similarly fish are known for swimming. The analogy is based on natural abilities or actions.
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Identify the next term in the analogy-based series: 2 : 8 :: 3 : ?
B · 27
2 is related to 8 as 2^3 = 8, similarly, 3^3 = 27. The analogy is based on cube of the number.
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In the series of animals: Dog, Cat, Elephant, Tiger, which one does not belong?
C · Elephant
Dog, Cat, and Tiger are carnivorous animals, while Elephant is herbivorous. Hence, Elephant is the odd one out.
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Find the odd one out in the series: Apple, Banana, Carrot, Mango
C · Carrot
Apple, Banana, and Mango are fruits, whereas Carrot is a vegetable.
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Identify the odd one out: Circle, Triangle, Square, Cylinder
D · Cylinder
Circle, Triangle, and Square are 2D shapes, whereas Cylinder is a 3D shape.
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In the series: 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, what is the odd term?
D · 31
The series doubles each time: 2, 4, 8, 16, but 31 breaks the pattern (should be 32).
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Find the next term in the pattern series: 3, 6, 12, 24, ?
C · 48
Each term is multiplied by 2 to get the next term: 3×2=6, 6×2=12, 12×2=24, so next is 24×2=48.
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Identify the next number in the series: 5, 10, 20, 40, ?
C · 80
The pattern doubles each term: 5×2=10, 10×2=20, 20×2=40, so next is 40×2=80.
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What is the next term in the series: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ?
C · 36
The series is squares of natural numbers: 1^2=1, 2^2=4, 3^2=9, 4^2=16, 5^2=25, so next is 6^2=36.
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Complete the logical progression: Monday, Wednesday, Friday, ?
D · Thursday
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Find the next term in the sequence: 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, ?
B · 37
The difference between terms increases by 2: 5-2=3, 10-5=5, 17-10=7, 26-17=9, so next difference is 11, 26+11=37.
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What is the next letter in the series: A, C, F, J, O, ?
B · T
The positions of letters increase by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 respectively: A(1), C(3), F(6), J(10), O(15), next is 21 which is T.
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Consider the letter series: B, E, J, Q, _, _. Identify the next two letters in the series.
A · Y, H
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Find the missing term in the series: 3, 10, 29, 82, _, 730.
C · 245
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Complete the series: 2, 12, 36, 80, 150, _, 392.
A · 252
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Identify the next term in the series: 5, 11, 23, 47, 95, _, 383.
A · 191
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Find the missing term in the series: 1, 4, 27, 256, _, 7776.
A · 3125
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Complete the series: 101, 103, 107, 113, 121, _, 143.
C · 133
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Find the next term in the series: 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, _, 56.
B · 42
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Complete the series: Z, X, U, Q, L, _, E.
A · F
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Find the missing term: 7, 14, 35, 98, _, 686.
A · 245
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Complete the series: 1, 3, 8, 20, 48, _, 368.
C · 120
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Find the missing term: 4, 9, 19, 39, 79, _, 319.
A · 159
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Complete the series: 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, _, 5040.
A · 720
Step 1: Recognize factorial series: 1!=1, 2!=2, 3!=6, 4!=24, 5!=120.
Step 2: Next term: 6!=720.
Step 3: Last term: 7!=5040.
Therefore, option A is correct.
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Find the missing term: 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, _, 50.
A · 37
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Complete the series: 3, 9, 27, 81, _, 729.
A · 243
Step 1: Recognize powers of 3: 3^1=3, 3^2=9, 3^3=27, 3^4=81.
Step 2: Next term: 3^5=243.
Step 3: Last term: 3^6=729.
Therefore, option A is correct.
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Find the missing term: 1, 1, 2, 6, 24, _, 720.
A · 120
Step 1: Recognize factorial series starting from 0!: 0!=1, 1!=1, 2!=2, 3!=6, 4!=24.
Step 2: Next term: 5!=120.
Step 3: Last term: 6!=720.
Therefore, option A is correct.
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Complete the series: 2, 3, 5, 9, 17, _, 65.
A · 33
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Find the missing term: 1, 8, 27, 64, _, 216.
B · 125
Step 1: Recognize cubes: 1^3=1, 2^3=8, 3^3=27, 4^3=64.
Step 2: Next term: 5^3=125.
Step 3: Last term: 6^3=216.
Therefore, option B is correct.
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Complete the series: 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, _, 50.
A · 37
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Which of the following statements is logically equivalent to: "If it rains, then the ground is wet"?
C · If the ground is not wet, then it does not rain
The contrapositive of "If it rains, then the ground is wet" is "If the ground is not wet, then it does not rain", which is logically equivalent to the original statement.
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Consider the statement: "All birds can fly." Which of the following is a valid logical condition derived from it?
C · If an animal is a bird, then it can fly
The statement says all birds can fly, so if an animal is a bird, it can fly. The converse or inverse are not necessarily true.
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If the statement "If A then B" is true, and A is false, what can be concluded about B?
C · B can be either true or false
If A is false, the truth of B is not determined by the statement "If A then B"; B can be either true or false.
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Given the premises: (1) All cats are animals. (2) Some animals are pets. Which conclusion logically follows?
C · Some animals are cats
From the premises, it is clear that some animals are cats (since all cats are animals), so 'Some animals are cats' is true. The other conclusions are not necessarily true.
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If "All roses are flowers" and "Some flowers fade quickly", which of the following conclusions is valid?
C · Some flowers are roses
Since all roses are flowers, it follows that some flowers are roses. However, nothing can be concluded about roses fading quickly.
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Premises: (1) No reptiles are warm-blooded. (2) All snakes are reptiles. What is the valid conclusion?
B · No snakes are warm-blooded
Since no reptiles are warm-blooded and all snakes are reptiles, no snakes are warm-blooded.
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Identify the contradiction in the following statements: (1) All students are diligent. (2) Some students are not diligent.
B · Statements contradict each other
The first statement says all students are diligent, while the second says some are not, which is a direct contradiction.
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Given the statements: (1) If it is a weekend, then the office is closed. (2) The office is open today. What can be inferred?
B · Today is not a weekend
If the office is open today, then it cannot be a weekend (contrapositive of the first statement).
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Statements: (1) All fruits have seeds. (2) Tomatoes have seeds. Which inference is correct?
D · No inference can be made
Having seeds is a necessary condition for fruits, but tomatoes having seeds alone does not confirm they are fruits without additional information.
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Syllogism: All A are B. Some B are C. Which of the following conclusions is valid?
D · No conclusion follows
From the premises, no definite conclusion about the relationship between A and C can be drawn.
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Premises: (1) No cats are dogs. (2) Some pets are cats. What conclusion can be drawn?
A · Some pets are not dogs
Since some pets are cats and no cats are dogs, it follows that some pets are not dogs.
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Given: All engineers are logical. Some logical people are creative. Which conclusion is logically valid?
D · No conclusion about engineers being creative
The premises do not provide enough information to conclude anything about engineers being creative.
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If heavy rain occurs, the river floods. The river has flooded. What is the cause-effect relationship here?
A · Heavy rain caused the river to flood
The premise states heavy rain leads to flooding, so the flooding is caused by heavy rain.
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Which of the following best illustrates a cause and effect relationship?
A · Studying hard leads to good grades
Studying hard is the cause that leads to the effect of good grades.
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Fire is to Heat as Ice is to?
A · Cold
Fire produces heat, similarly ice is associated with cold.
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Complete the analogy: Finger is to Hand as Leaf is to?
B · Branch
A finger is part of a hand, similarly a leaf is part of a branch.
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Which of the following statements correctly represents the logical connective "If P then Q"?
B · P → Q
The conditional statement "If P then Q" is logically represented as P → Q.
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Given the statements: "All cats are animals" and "All animals are living beings", which of the following conclusions is logically valid?
C · All cats are living beings
From the premises, by transitive property, all cats are living beings.
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If the statement "If it rains, then the ground is wet" is false, which of the following must be true?
B · It rains and the ground is not wet
A conditional statement is false only when the antecedent is true and the consequent is false.
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Consider the syllogism:
1. All roses are flowers.
2. Some flowers are red.
Which conclusion logically follows?
C · Some roses may be red
Since some flowers are red and all roses are flowers, it is possible that some roses are red, but it is not certain.
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Given:
All A are B.
All B are C.
Which of the following is a valid conclusion?
C · All A are C
By transitive property, if all A are B and all B are C, then all A are C.
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Statements:
1. No cats are dogs.
2. Some pets are cats.
Which conclusion is definitely true?
A · Some pets are not dogs
Since some pets are cats and no cats are dogs, some pets are definitely not dogs.
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In a logical implication, if "P implies Q" is true and Q is false, what can be concluded about P?
B · P is false
If P → Q is true and Q is false, then P must be false (contrapositive).
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If the statements "If A then B" and "If B then C" are true, which of the following is a valid inference?
A · If A then C
By chaining implications, if A → B and B → C, then A → C is valid.
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Given:
If it is a holiday, then the bank is closed.
The bank is not closed.
What can be concluded?
B · It is not a holiday
By modus tollens, if "If P then Q" is true and Q is false, then P is false.
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If the statement "If X then Y" is true, which of the following is the contrapositive statement?
B · If not Y then not X
The contrapositive of "If X then Y" is "If not Y then not X" and is logically equivalent.
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If "If it is sunny, then I will go for a walk" is true, and "I did not go for a walk" is observed, what can be concluded?
B · It was not sunny
By modus tollens, if the consequent is false, the antecedent must be false.
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In a seating arrangement puzzle, four people P, Q, R, and S sit around a square table facing the center. P sits opposite Q. R sits to the immediate right of P. Who sits to the immediate left of Q?
A · R
If P is opposite Q and R is immediate right of P, then R is immediate left of Q.
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Consider the statements:
1. If the alarm rings, then there is a fire.
2. The alarm did not ring.
Which of the following is true?
C · Cannot conclude whether there is a fire or not
From 'If P then Q' and not P, we cannot conclude about Q.
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In a logic puzzle, five boxes are arranged in a row. Box 3 is to the immediate left of Box 4. Box 1 is at the extreme left. Which box is at the extreme right?
A · Box 5
With Box 1 at extreme left and Box 3 immediately left of Box 4, Box 5 must be at extreme right.
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Statement: All birds can fly.
Conclusion I: Parrots can fly.
Conclusion II: Penguins can fly.
Which of the conclusions logically follow from the statement?
A · Only Conclusion I follows
The statement says all birds can fly, so parrots (being birds) can fly. However, penguins are birds but cannot fly, so Conclusion II does not follow logically.
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Statement: No cars are bicycles.
Conclusion I: Some bicycles are cars.
Conclusion II: No bicycles are cars.
Which conclusion(s) follow(s)?
B · Only Conclusion II follows
The statement clearly says no cars are bicycles, which means no bicycles are cars. So Conclusion II follows, Conclusion I contradicts the statement.
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Statement: All students in the class passed the exam.
Conclusion I: Some students failed the exam.
Conclusion II: Every student passed the exam.
Which conclusion(s) follow(s)?
B · Only Conclusion II follows
The statement says all students passed, so Conclusion II is true. Conclusion I contradicts the statement and does not follow.
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Statement: Some fruits are sweet.
Conclusion I: All fruits are sweet.
Conclusion II: Some sweet things are fruits.
Which conclusion(s) follow(s)?
B · Only Conclusion II follows
The statement says some fruits are sweet, so some sweet things are fruits (Conclusion II) follows. Conclusion I is too broad and does not follow.
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Statement: All engineers are hardworking.
Conclusion I: Some hardworking people are engineers.
Conclusion II: All hardworking people are engineers.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A · Only Conclusion I follows
Since all engineers are hardworking, some hardworking people are engineers. But not all hardworking people are engineers, so Conclusion II does not follow.
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Statement: The government has announced a new tax on luxury cars.
Assumption I: The government wants to reduce luxury car sales.
Assumption II: The government wants to increase revenue.
Which assumption(s) is/are implicit?
B · Only Assumption II is implicit
A new tax generally aims to increase revenue. Reducing sales may or may not be the intent, so only Assumption II is implicit.
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Statement: The company decided to increase the salary of all employees.
Assumption I: The company is doing well financially.
Assumption II: Employees demanded a salary hike.
Which assumption(s) is/are implicit?
A · Only Assumption I is implicit
Increasing salary assumes the company can afford it (Assumption I). Employees demanding a hike is not necessarily implied.
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Statement: The school has banned mobile phones.
Assumption I: Students were distracted by mobile phones.
Assumption II: Mobile phones cause harm.
Which assumption(s) is/are implicit?
A · Only Assumption I is implicit
The ban implies distraction (Assumption I). Harm is not necessarily assumed.
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Statement: The government increased the fuel prices.
Assumption I: The government wants to reduce fuel consumption.
Assumption II: The government wants to increase its revenue.
Which assumption(s) is/are implicit?
C · Both Assumptions I and II are implicit
Increasing fuel prices can be to reduce consumption and increase revenue, so both assumptions are implicit.
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Statement: The factory closed down due to lack of raw materials.
Inference I: The factory did not have enough supply.
Inference II: The factory was poorly managed.
Which inference(s) is/are valid?
A · Only Inference I is valid
Lack of raw materials implies insufficient supply (Inference I). Poor management is not necessarily implied.
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Statement: The city witnessed heavy rainfall yesterday.
Inference I: The city might face floods.
Inference II: The city will have a drought soon.
Which inference(s) is/are valid?
A · Only Inference I is valid
Heavy rainfall may cause floods (Inference I). Drought is unlikely immediately after heavy rain.
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Statement: The company reported a loss last quarter.
Inference I: The company’s sales declined.
Inference II: The company’s expenses increased.
Which inference(s) is/are valid?
C · Both Inferences I and II are valid
Loss can be due to sales decline or expense increase, so both inferences are valid.
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Statement: Due to heavy rains, the river overflowed.
What is the cause and what is the effect?
B · Cause: Heavy rains; Effect: River overflowed
Heavy rains caused the river to overflow, so heavy rains is the cause and river overflow is the effect.
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Statement: The factory shut down because of power failure.
What is the cause and what is the effect?
B · Cause: Power failure; Effect: Factory shut down
Power failure caused the factory shutdown; thus, power failure is the cause and factory shutdown is the effect.
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Statement: Due to excessive use of fertilizers, the soil quality deteriorated.
What is the cause and what is the effect?
A · Cause: Excessive use of fertilizers; Effect: Soil quality deteriorated
Excessive fertilizer use caused soil deterioration, so it is the cause and effect respectively.
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Statement: The government increased taxes to reduce budget deficit.
What is the cause and what is the effect?
C · Cause: Increased taxes; Effect: Reduced budget deficit
Increased taxes is the cause to reduce budget deficit, so the cause-effect relationship is increased taxes leading to reduced deficit.
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Statement: "All students should wear uniforms."
Argument I: Uniforms promote discipline.
Argument II: Uniforms restrict freedom.
Which argument is strong and relevant?
A · Only Argument I is strong
Argument I supports the statement positively, making it strong and relevant. Argument II opposes but is subjective and less relevant.
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Statement: "The government should ban plastic bags."
Argument I: Plastic bags cause environmental pollution.
Argument II: Plastic bags are convenient.
Which argument(s) is/are strong?
A · Only Argument I is strong
Argument I supports the ban by highlighting pollution, making it strong. Argument II opposes but is less relevant to environmental concerns.
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Statement: "Online education is better than traditional education."
Argument I: Online education is flexible.
Argument II: Traditional education offers better interaction.
Which argument(s) is/are strong?
C · Both Arguments I and II are strong
Both arguments present valid points supporting and opposing the statement, so both are strong.
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Statement: "The city should improve public transport."
Argument I: It will reduce traffic congestion.
Argument II: It will increase pollution.
Which argument(s) is/are strong?
A · Only Argument I is strong
Improving public transport reduces congestion, so Argument I is strong. Argument II contradicts logic and is weak.
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Statement: "The government should increase funding for healthcare."
Argument I: Better healthcare improves public health.
Argument II: Increased funding will burden taxpayers.
Which argument(s) is/are strong?
C · Both Arguments I and II are strong
Both arguments present valid points supporting and opposing the statement, so both are strong.
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Statement: "Crime rate in the city has increased significantly."
Course of Action I: Increase police patrolling.
Course of Action II: Impose curfew in the city.
Which course(s) of action is/are appropriate?
A · Only Course of Action I is appropriate
Increasing police patrolling is a reasonable step. Imposing curfew may be extreme without further context.
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Statement: "Traffic congestion is worsening in the city."
Course of Action I: Build more roads.
Course of Action II: Encourage carpooling and public transport.
Which course(s) of action is/are appropriate?
C · Both Courses of Action I and II are appropriate
Both building roads and encouraging carpooling are valid actions to reduce congestion.
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Statement: "The school has decided to extend the school hours."
Course of Action I: Inform parents about the change.
Course of Action II: Reduce holidays to compensate.
Which course(s) of action is/are appropriate?
A · Only Course of Action I is appropriate
Informing parents is necessary. Reducing holidays is unrelated and may be inappropriate.
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Statement: "The company is launching a new product next month."
Course of Action I: Start advertising the product.
Course of Action II: Delay the product launch.
Which course(s) of action is/are appropriate?
A · Only Course of Action I is appropriate
Advertising before launch is appropriate. Delaying launch contradicts the statement.
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Statement 1: All cats are animals.
Statement 2: Some animals are pets.
What is the relationship between the two statements?
B · Statements are independent
Statement 1 and 2 are independent; one does not lead to or contradict the other.
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Statement 1: Some fruits are sweet.
Statement 2: All sweet things are fruits.
What is the relationship between the two statements?
A · Statement 2 is the converse of Statement 1
Statement 2 is the converse of Statement 1; they are not logically equivalent.
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Statement 1: No birds are mammals.
Statement 2: All mammals are animals.
What is the relationship between the two statements?
C · Statement 2 supports Statement 1
Statement 2 supports Statement 1 by providing a broader classification context.
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Statement 1: Some students are athletes.
Statement 2: Some athletes are students.
What is the relationship between the two statements?
A · Statements are equivalent
Both statements mean the same and are logically equivalent.
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Which of the following best describes the statement: "All roses are flowers, but not all flowers are roses"?
A · A universal affirmative statement
The statement asserts that all members of one category (roses) belong to another category (flowers), which is a universal affirmative.
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Identify the assumption in the statement: "If the government increases taxes, then people will reduce spending."
A · People always spend less when taxes increase
The statement assumes that an increase in taxes will cause people to spend less, which is the underlying assumption.
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From the statement: "All students who study hard pass the exam," which conclusion logically follows?
C · No student who studies hard fails the exam
The statement implies that studying hard guarantees passing; hence, no student who studies hard fails.
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What is the effect in the cause-effect pair: "Heavy rainfall caused flooding in the city"?
B · Flooding in the city
The effect is the flooding in the city, which is caused by heavy rainfall.
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Which of the following weakens the statement: "Eating carrots improves night vision"?
B · Many people who eat carrots have poor night vision
If many people who eat carrots still have poor night vision, this weakens the claim that eating carrots improves night vision.
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Which of the following is a fact rather than an opinion?
B · The Earth revolves around the Sun
The Earth revolving around the Sun is a scientifically proven fact, while the other options express subjective opinions.
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From the statement "All mammals are warm-blooded," what can be inferred?
C · No mammals are cold-blooded
Since all mammals are warm-blooded, none of them can be cold-blooded.
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Which statement best reflects the meaning of: "Some politicians are honest"?
C · At least one politician is honest
The word 'some' indicates that at least one politician is honest, but not necessarily all or most.
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Assumption: "The company will increase profits if it launches a new product." Which of the following is an implicit assumption?
A · The new product will be accepted by customers
The statement assumes that the new product will be accepted by customers to increase profits.
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Which conclusion follows logically from the statement: "No birds are mammals"?
C · No mammals are birds
If no birds are mammals, then no mammals can be birds.
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Cause: "Excessive use of fertilizers." Effect: ?
B · Soil pollution
Excessive use of fertilizers often leads to soil pollution due to chemical accumulation.
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Which of the following strengthens the statement: "Regular exercise improves mental health"?
A · People who exercise regularly report less stress
Reports of less stress among regular exercisers support the claim that exercise improves mental health.
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Which of the following is an opinion rather than a fact?
C · Chocolate is the most delicious flavor
The statement about chocolate being the most delicious flavor is subjective and varies by personal taste.
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From the statement "Some fruits are sour," which inference is valid?
C · At least one fruit is sour
The word 'some' indicates that at least one fruit is sour, but not necessarily all or most.
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Which of the following best explains the cause-effect relationship: "Due to poor maintenance, the machine broke down"?
B · Poor maintenance caused the machine to break down
Poor maintenance is the cause that led to the effect of machine breakdown.
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Which assumption is necessary for the statement: "If the city builds more parks, citizens will be healthier"?
A · Citizens use parks for physical activities
The statement assumes that citizens will use the parks for activities that improve health.
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Evaluate the conclusion: "Since all roses are flowers and some flowers fade quickly, some roses fade quickly." Is this conclusion valid?
B · No, it does not logically follow
The conclusion is invalid because 'some flowers fade quickly' does not imply that some roses (a subset) fade quickly.
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Which option weakens the statement: "Increasing the price of petrol will reduce its consumption"?
B · Petrol consumption remains unchanged despite price hikes
If petrol consumption remains unchanged despite price increases, it weakens the statement that higher prices reduce consumption.
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Which inference can be drawn from the statement: "Some students who study regularly fail the exam"?
C · Studying regularly does not always guarantee passing
Since some students who study regularly fail, studying regularly does not guarantee passing.
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Which of the following best distinguishes a fact from an opinion?
B · Facts can be verified; opinions are personal beliefs
Facts can be verified objectively, whereas opinions are personal beliefs or feelings.
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Which of the following statements is an example of a universal negative statement?
A · No cats are dogs
A universal negative statement denies membership of all members of one group to another, e.g., no cats are dogs.
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Which assumption underlies the statement: "If the new policy is implemented, unemployment will decrease"?
A · The policy will create job opportunities
The statement assumes the policy will lead to job creation, thus reducing unemployment.
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Evaluate the conclusion: "All cars are vehicles. Some vehicles are electric. Therefore, some cars are electric." Is this conclusion valid?
B · No, it is invalid
The conclusion is invalid because 'some vehicles are electric' does not imply that some cars (a subset) are electric.
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Which of the following best defines an argument in verbal reasoning?
B · A set of statements where one is supported by others
An argument consists of premises that support a conclusion, forming a logical structure.
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In an argument, the statement that is being supported is called the:
C · Conclusion
The conclusion is the statement that the premises aim to support or prove.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a valid argument?
C · The argument contains emotional appeals only
Arguments based solely on emotional appeals lack logical support and are considered invalid.
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Identify the conclusion in the following argument: "All mammals are warm-blooded. Whales are mammals. Therefore, whales are warm-blooded."
C · "Whales are warm-blooded."
The conclusion is the statement that follows from the premises, here it is "Whales are warm-blooded."
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Consider the argument: "If it rains, the ground will be wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet." What type of argument is this?
B · Strong argument
This is a strong argument because the premises logically guarantee the conclusion.
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Which of the following best distinguishes a strong argument from a weak argument?
B · Strong arguments have premises that provide probable support to the conclusion
Strong arguments have premises that make the conclusion highly probable, while weak arguments do not.
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Which of the following is an example of a weak argument?
A · All birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly.
The premise that all birds can fly is false because penguins cannot fly, making the argument weak.
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Which feature is typical of a strong argument?
C · The premises provide good support for the conclusion
Strong arguments have premises that provide good logical support for the conclusion.
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Evaluate the argument: "Some cats are black. Some black things are cars. Therefore, some cats are cars." What is the strength of this argument?
B · Weak
The premises do not logically support the conclusion; the argument is weak and invalid.
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Which of the following best describes a premise in an argument?
B · A statement that supports the conclusion
Premises are statements that provide support or evidence for the conclusion.
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In the argument: "All fruits have seeds. An apple is a fruit. Therefore, an apple has seeds." What is the premise?
A · "All fruits have seeds."
The premise is the statement that supports the conclusion; here, "All fruits have seeds."
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Which of the following statements is a conclusion in the argument: "If the store is open, I will buy milk. The store is open."?
C · "I will buy milk."
The conclusion is the statement that follows from the premises, here "I will buy milk."
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An argument is considered sound if:
A · It has true premises and a valid conclusion
A sound argument is both valid and has all true premises.
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Identify the hidden assumption in the argument: "She must be a good student because she studies hard every day."
A · Studying hard guarantees good grades
The argument assumes that studying hard guarantees being a good student, which is the hidden assumption.
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Which of the following is an example of an assumption in an argument?
C · Unstated premise required for the argument to hold
Assumptions are unstated premises that must be true for the argument to be valid.
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In the argument: "He must be honest because he never lies," the assumption is that:
A · Everyone who never lies is honest
The argument assumes that never lying means being honest, which is the assumption.
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Which of the following best describes an unstated assumption in an argument?
C · A hidden premise necessary for the argument's validity
Unstated assumptions are hidden premises that must be true for the argument to work logically.
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Which of the following is an example of the logical fallacy 'Ad Hominem'?
A · Rejecting an argument because of the speaker's character
Ad Hominem attacks the person rather than addressing the argument.
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Identify the fallacy in the statement: "You can't trust his opinion on climate change because he's not a scientist."
B · Ad Hominem
This is an Ad Hominem fallacy attacking the person's credentials instead of the argument.
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Which fallacy occurs when a conclusion is drawn from insufficient evidence?
A · Hasty Generalization
Hasty Generalization is drawing a conclusion based on too little evidence.
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What type of fallacy is present in the argument: "If we allow students to redo exams, soon they will expect to pass without studying."?
A · Slippery Slope
Slippery Slope fallacy assumes one action will lead to extreme consequences without proof.
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Which of the following is an example of a 'Straw Man' fallacy?
A · Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack
Straw Man fallacy involves misrepresenting an argument to refute it easily.
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Which of the following is a fact rather than an opinion?
B · "The Earth revolves around the Sun."
The statement about Earth revolving around the Sun is a verifiable fact.
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Which statement expresses an opinion rather than a fact?
C · "Vanilla is the most delicious ice cream flavor."
Taste preferences are subjective and thus opinions.
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Which of the following statements is a fact?
B · "The sun rises in the east."
The sun rising in the east is an observable and verifiable fact.
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Identify the opinion in the following: "The movie was too long and boring, but it had great special effects."
A · "The movie was too long and boring."
Describing the movie as "too long and boring" is a subjective opinion.
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From the argument: "All dogs bark. Max is a dog. Therefore, Max barks." What can be inferred?
B · Max barks
The conclusion that Max barks logically follows from the premises.
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Given the argument: "If it rains, the picnic will be canceled. The picnic was not canceled." What can be inferred?
B · It did not rain
If the picnic was not canceled, it can be inferred that it did not rain.
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From the statement: "Some fruits are sour. Lemons are fruits." Which inference is valid?
B · Some lemons may be sour
Since some fruits are sour and lemons are fruits, some lemons may be sour.
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Which inference can be drawn from the argument: "All birds have feathers. Penguins are birds. Penguins have feathers."?
B · Penguins have feathers
The argument logically supports that penguins have feathers.
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Assess the strength of the argument: "If the car is out of fuel, it will not start. The car does not start. Therefore, the car is out of fuel."
B · Weak argument
The argument is weak because the car may not start for reasons other than fuel.
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Which of the following indicates a strong argument?
A · Premises provide conclusive support for the conclusion
Strong arguments have premises that conclusively support the conclusion.
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Evaluate the argument: "All students passed the exam. John is a student. Therefore, John passed the exam." What is the strength of this argument?
A · Strong and valid
The premises logically guarantee the conclusion, making it strong and valid.
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Which of the following weakens the argument: "Eating carrots improves eyesight because carrots contain vitamin A"?
C · Eating carrots does not improve eyesight
If eating carrots does not improve eyesight, it weakens the argument despite the presence of vitamin A.
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Assess the argument: "If the alarm is ringing, there is a fire. The alarm is ringing. Therefore, there is a fire." Which is true?
B · The argument is weak because alarms can ring for other reasons
The argument is weak because the alarm ringing does not necessarily mean there is a fire.
