Quick recall · 242 cards
Short MCQ-style retrieval prompts. Tap a card to reveal the answer.
PYQ
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Odometer is to mileage as compass is to:
B · direction
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Marathon is to race as hibernation is to:
D · sleep
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drip : gush :: ? : ?
D · dent : destroy
PYQ
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Fire is to burn as knife is to:
B · cut
PYQ
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What will come in place of the question mark in the following series? 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ?
A · 42
PYQ
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Find the missing number in the series: 3, 8, 18, 35, ?, 98
B · 63
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Identify the pattern and find the next number in the series: 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, ?
A · 25
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Choose the word which is different from the rest.
1. Lion
2. Tiger
3. Cheetah
4. Wolf
D · Wolf
Lion, Tiger, and Cheetah belong to the cat family (Felidae), while Wolf belongs to the dog family (Canidae). Therefore, Wolf is the odd one out. Option D matches this answer.[4]
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Find out the odd word/letters/number/number pair from the given alternatives.
(A) Mohammad Azharuddin
(B) Sunil Gavaskar
(C) Dhyan Chand
(D) Yuvraj Singh
C · Dhyan Chand
Mohammad Azharuddin, Sunil Gavaskar, and Yuvraj Singh are cricketers, while Dhyan Chand is a famous hockey player. Thus, Dhyan Chand is the odd one out. Option C matches this answer.[6]
PYQ
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Choose the group of letters which is different from others.
(A) VWY
(B) RST
(C) NOP
(D) EFG
A · VWY
PYQ
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Select the one which is different from other three responses.
(A) I
(B) E
(C) B
(D) H
A · I
PYQ
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Which of the figures can be used to continue the series given below?
A · A
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In the given series, a figure is followed by the combination of itself and its vertical inversion. Which option continues this pattern?
D · D
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In a certain code, 'SAND' is written as 'UCPF'. How is 'STONE' written in that code?
C · UVQPG
PYQ
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A woman introduces a man as the son of the brother of her mother. How is the man related to the woman?
D · Cousin
The brother of the woman's mother is her maternal uncle. The son of her maternal uncle is her cousin. Therefore, the man is the woman's **cousin**. Option D matches this relationship.[2]
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If A is the brother of B, C is the sister of B, and B is the father of D, how is D related to A?
B · Nephew/Niece
A, B, and C are siblings (A-brother, C-sister of B). B is father of D, so D is the child of B. Therefore, D is nephew/niece of A (brother of D's father). Option B is correct.[2]
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Introducing a child, a man said, 'He is the son of my father's only daughter'. How is that man related to the child?
C · Maternal Uncle
The man's father's only daughter is the man's sister. The child is the son of the man's sister, making the man the child's maternal uncle. Option C is correct.[5]
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Pointing to a photograph of a boy Suresh said, 'He is the son of the only son of my mother.' How is Suresh related to that boy?
A · Father
The only son of Suresh's mother is Suresh himself. The boy is the son of Suresh, so Suresh is the father of the boy. Option A is correct.[9]
PYQ · 2019
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A is the grandmother of B. C is the only daughter of A. F is the son-in-law of A. How is C related to F?
B · Daughter-in-law
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One morning Udai and Vishal were talking to each other face to face at a crossing. If Vishal's shadow was exactly to the left of Udai, which direction was Udai facing?
A · A) North
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Y is in the East of X which is in the North of Z. If P is in the South of Z, then in which direction of Y, is P?
C · C) South-West
Positioning:- Z at origin.- X North of Z.- Y East of X (so NE of Z).- P South of Z.Relative to Y: P is South-West of Y.Diagram confirms: From Y looking back, P lies diagonally SW.
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A man walks 5 km toward south and then turns to the right. After walking 3 km he turns to the left and walks 5 km. Now in which direction is he from the starting place?
B · B) West
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If South-East becomes North, North-East becomes West and so on. What will West become?
C · C) South-East
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In a certain code language, '+' represents '×', '-' represents '+', '×' represents '÷' and '÷' represents '-'. What is the answer to the following question? 12 + 6 ÷ 4 × 8 - 10 = ?
A · 70
PYQ · 2023
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There are five friends A, B, C, D, E sitting in a row. A is to the immediate left of B. C is to the immediate right of D. E is not at any end. Who is sitting at the left end?
A · A
PYQ
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If A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {3, 4, 5, 6}, what is A ∩ B?
B · {3, 4}
PYQ · 2024
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One of the following is an impediment to critical thinking. A. Intellectual courage B. Intellectual perseverance C. Faith in reason D. Undue reliance on media
D · Undue reliance on media
PYQ
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Critical thinking is essential to reasoning well through complicated issues. True or False?
A · True
Critical thinking involves analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing information to form reasoned judgments, which is fundamental for addressing complex issues effectively.
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Critical thinkers are mainly concerned with assessing their own thinking, rather than the thinking of others, since their own thinking is the only thinking under their control. True or False?
A · True
Critical thinkers prioritize self-reflection and improving their own reasoning processes because they can directly control and refine their personal thought patterns, making this the primary focus.
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A man returns to his car parked outside a supermarket. He cannot find his keys. He phones his wife asking her to bring the spare keys to him. What, if anything, can be inferred from this scene?
A · A. The man believes his keys are in the car.
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Find the next number in the series: 2, 4, 8, 16, ?
C · 32
The series is doubling each time: 2 \(\times\) 2 = 4, 4 \(\times\) 2 = 8, etc. So next is 16 \(\times\) 2 = 32.
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What is the next number in the series: 5, 10, 20, 40, ?
C · 80
Each number is multiplied by 2: 5\(\times\)2=10, 10\(\times\)2=20, so next is 40\(\times\)2=80.
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Find the missing number: 3, 9, 27, 81, ?
B · 243
This is a geometric series with ratio 3; 81 \(\times\) 3 = 243.
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What is the next number in the series: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ?
C · 36
These numbers are squares: 1\(^2\), 2\(^2\), ..., 5\(^2\). Next is 6\(^2\) = 36.
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Find the next number in the series: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ?
B · 13
The series lists prime numbers; next prime after 11 is 13.
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Find the next letter in the series: A, C, E, G, ?
A · I
The series skips one letter each time: A (skip B), C (skip D), E (skip F), G, next is I.
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What is the next letter in the series: Z, X, V, T, ?
B · R
The series goes backward skipping one letter: Z (skip Y), X (skip W), V (skip U), T, next is R.
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Find the next letter in the series: B, D, G, K, ?
A · O
Differences in positions: B(2) +2 = D(4), +3 = G(7), +4 = K(11), next +5 = O(16).
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Identify the next term in the mixed series: 1A, 2C, 3E, 4G, ?
A · 5I
Numbers increase by 1; letters move forward skipping one letter: A, C, E, G, so next is I.
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Find the next term in the series: A1, C2, E4, G8, ?
A · I16
Letters increase by skipping one letter; numbers are powers of 2: 1, 2, 4, 8, so next power 16.
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What is the next symbol in the series: *, $, %, *, $, ?
A · %
The series cycles through *, $, % repeatedly. After $, next is %. After second $, next is % again but since the symbol after $ here is questioned, it is $ again.
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Choose the next word in the series: January, February, March, April, ?
A · May
The series is months in order; after April comes May.
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Identify the next term in the conceptual series: One, Three, Six, Ten, ?
A · Fifteen
The series is triangular numbers: 1, 3, 6, 10, next is 15.
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Find the next number in the series: 7, 14, 28, 56, __?
B · 112
Each term is multiplied by 2 to get the next term: 7×2=14, 14×2=28, 28×2=56, so next is 56×2=112.
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Identify the missing number: 81, 72, 63, 54, __, 36
B · 45
The series is decreasing by 9 each time: 81-9=72, 72-9=63, 63-9=54, so next is 54-9=45 and then 45-9=36. The correct missing number is 45.
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What is the next number in the series: 2, 6, 18, 54, __?
B · 162
Each number is multiplied by 3: 2×3=6, 6×3=18, 18×3=54, so next is 54×3=162.
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Find the next number in the series: 3, 9, 27, 82, 243, __?
A · 729
The correct geometric series is 3, 9, 27, 81, 243, 729 (each multiplied by 3). 82 appears to be a typo; assuming it as 81, next is 729.
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Find the next letter in the series: A, C, F, J, O, __?
A · U
The positions increase by +2, +3, +4, +5: A(1)+2=C(3), C+3=F(6), F+4=J(10), J+5=O(15), next O+6=U(21).
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Complete the series: Z, X, U, Q, L, __?
A · F
The pattern is decreasing by letters in increasing steps: Z(26)-2=X(24), X-3=U(21), U-4=Q(17), Q-5=L(12), L-6=F(6).
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Find the next letter in the series: B, E, J, P, __?
A · W
Positions increase by +3, +5, +6, +7: B(2)+3=E(5), E+5=J(10), J+6=P(16), P+7=W(23).
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What comes next in this mixed series? A1, C3, E5, G7, __?
B · I9
Alphabet increments by 2: A, C, E, G, I and number increments by 2: 1,3,5,7,9. So next is I9.
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Find the next term in the series: 2, @, 4, #, 8, @, __?
A · 16
Numbers double every alternate term: 2,4,8,... next is 16. Symbols alternate between '@' and '#': @, #, @, #. Next symbol after '@' is '#'.
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What is the next term in the series where the pattern alternates between arithmetic and geometric progressions? 2, 4, 8, 11, 22, 25, __?
B · 28
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In the series: 3, 6, 4, 8, 5, 10, 7, 14, __, __, identify the next two numbers.
C · 9, 18
Odd and even terms form two separate series: Odd positions: 3,4,5,7,... next is 9; Even positions: 6,8,10,14,... next is 18. So next two terms are 9,18.
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Choose the odd one out: 2, 4, 8, 15, 16, 32
C · 15
All numbers except 15 are powers of 2: 2(2^1), 4(2^2), 8(2^3), 16(2^4), 32(2^5), but 15 is not a power of 2.
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Identify the odd one out: B2, D4, G8, K16, N31
D · N31
The letter sequence: B(2), D(4), G(7), K(11), N(14) follows increments +2, +3, +4, +3; the numbers double 2,4,8,16 but N31 breaks the pattern (should be 32).
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Find the next number in the positional shift series: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, __?
B · 36
The series lists squares of natural numbers: 1^2=1, 2^2=4, 3^2=9, 4^2=16, 5^2=25, so next is 6^2=36.
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Which of the following sequences requires the use of problem-solving strategies involving alternating patterns to find the next term? 5, 10, 15, 40, 45, 90, __
C · 135
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The series 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, __ consists of numbers generated by which pattern? Find the next number.
A · 56
These are triangular numbers: n(n+1) where n=1,2,3,... : 1×2=2, 2×3=6, 3×4=12, 4×5=20, 5×6=30, 6×7=42, so next is 7×8=56.
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Consider the series defined as: S_n = (n^2 + 3n + 2) / (2n - 3). Identify the 7th term in the series.
B · 5.2857
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Given a sequence {a_n} such that a_1 = 3, and for n > 1, a_n = a_{n-1} + (-1)^n * n^2. What is the 6th term?
D · 12
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The sequence is defined as: T_n = Sum_{k=1}^n floor(sqrt(k^2 + k)) - Sum_{k=1}^n ceil(k/2). Find T_5.
B · 12
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Given the series: a_n = 2^n + (-3)^n. Determine the number of terms a_k (for k between 1 and 10) which are divisible by 5.
A · 3
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In a series defined by a_n = (n!)/(2^n) for n ≥ 1, which term is the first to exceed 50?
D · 8th
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Find the next number in the non-arithmetic, non-geometric series: 5, 7, 12, 19, 31, 50, ?
A · 81
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Consider the sequence defined by: a_n = a_{n-1} * r + d, with a_1 = 2, r and d are integers. Given that a_2 = 7, a_3 = 20, and a_4 = 61, find the 5th term.
C · 184
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Identify the sum of the first 8 terms of the series: 3, 5, 9, 17, 33, ... where each term after the first is obtained by adding twice the previous term minus the term before that.
D · 597
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For the series defined by: b_n = n^2 + (-1)^n * n, find the value of b_10 - b_9 + b_8 - b_7 + ... + b_2 - b_1.
C · 80
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Consider the series where the nth term is defined as a_n = (3^n + 4^n) / 7^n. For large n, find the limit of the ratio a_{n+1} / a_n.
A · 4/7
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Let the series be such that a_n = F_n + L_n, where F_n is the nth Fibonacci number and L_n is the nth Lucas number. What is a_7?
D · 48
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For the series defined by s_n = Sum_{k=1}^n (k^3 - k^2), find s_5.
B · 170
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If the nth term of a series is given by a_n = (n^2 + 1)^2 - (n^2 -1)^2, find a_4.
A · 64
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The sum of the first n terms of a series is S_n = n^3 + n^2. Find the 4th term.
D · 90
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The sequence {c_n} is defined as c_n = n! / (n^n). Find the limit as n approaches infinity of n * c_n.
A · 0
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In the series A: 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, ... and series B: 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ... find the product of the 5th terms of series A and B.
A · 2400
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For the series given as s_n = 2^n - 3^n + 5^n, find s_3.
A · 98
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Which of the following best defines classification in reasoning?
A · Grouping objects based on a common property
Classification involves grouping objects or elements based on shared characteristics or properties.
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Which of the following is an example of classification?
A · Separating apples, oranges, and bananas into fruits
Classifying apples, oranges, and bananas as fruits is a prime example of grouping based on a common property.
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In classification, what does the term 'basis of classification' refer to?
A · The criteria used to group objects
The basis of classification means the attribute or property on which the grouping is made.
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Which of the following can serve as a valid basis for classification?
A · Color, shape, and size
Color, shape, and size are common attributes used as the basis for grouping objects in classification.
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Identify the odd one out based on the basis of classification: Dog, Cat, Car, Cow.
A · Car
Dog, Cat, and Cow are animals while Car is a vehicle; hence Car is the odd one out.
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Which type of classification involves placing all relevant items into a single group, including all possible members?
A · Inclusive classification
Inclusive classification groups all items that share a characteristic into one single category.
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Which classification type is used when groups do not overlap and an item can belong to only one group?
A · Exclusive classification
Exclusive classification has mutually exclusive groups where an item belongs to exactly one group only.
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Which classification type would best describe a grouping where some items may belong to multiple groups, and groups may overlap?
A · Mixed classification
Mixed classification allows items to fit into more than one group, meaning groups may overlap.
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If 'Bird : Wing' :: 'Fish : ?', what should replace the question mark to reflect classification based on attributes?
A · Fin
Birds are classified by their wings as a key attribute, similarly fish are classified by their fins.
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In pattern recognition, which of the following best explains the role of classification?
A · Grouping similar patterns to identify their category
Classification helps to identify categories by grouping patterns that share similar features.
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Find the odd one out: Rose, Tulip, Mango, Lotus.
A · Mango
Rose, Tulip, and Lotus are flowers; Mango is a fruit, hence the odd one out.
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Which of the following is the odd one out based on classification by use: Pen, Pencil, Eraser, Notebook?
A · Notebook
Pen, Pencil, and Eraser directly involve writing/drawing; Notebook is used for recording, making it different in direct use.
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Which attribute would be most appropriate to classify these items: Sparrow, Eagle, Pigeon, Crow?
A · Type of bird
Classifying birds by their type is the most straightforward attribute to group these items.
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Which of the following classifications is based on categories rather than continuous attributes?
A · Grouping animals as mammals, reptiles, birds, and fishes
Classifying animals into categories like mammals, birds etc. is categorical classification by specific attributes.
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Which of the following best defines classification in reasoning?
A · Grouping objects based on similarities and differences
Classification involves grouping objects or ideas based on their common attributes or properties.
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Which of the following examples illustrates classification?
A · Sorting fruits into citrus and non-citrus groups
Sorting fruits based on type is a clear example of classification by attributes.
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Which option correctly identifies classification in reasoning?
A · Dividing objects into groups using common features
Classification involves dividing items into groups based on shared characteristics.
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Which of these is NOT a common type of classification in reasoning?
D · Classification based on random choice
Random choice does not constitute a valid basis for classification.
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Given these items: pen, pencil, eraser, and notebook; how would you classify them most logically?
B · By function as stationery items
Pen, pencil, eraser, and notebook are all stationery items, so classification by their function is logical.
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Which pair of items is correctly classified by their common function?
A · Knife and fork - eating tools
Knife and fork are used as eating tools, correctly classifying by function.
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Analogical classification groups items based on:
A · Similar relationships between pairs
Analogical classification groups items that have similar kinds of relationships, rather than just physical features.
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Complete the analogy: Bird is to nest as bee is to __?
A · Hive
Just as a bird lives in a nest, a bee lives in a hive – showing analogical classification.
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Find the analogical classification among these: Finger : Hand | Leaf : Branch | Wheel : Engine | Petal : Flower
A · Wheel : Engine
Wheel : Engine shows parts that functionally relate as components in a machine, like the others do for biological hierarchies.
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Identify the odd one out: Apple, Banana, Carrot, Mango
C · Carrot
Carrot is a vegetable, whereas the others are fruits.
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Select the odd one out: Eagle, Sparrow, Bat, Pigeon
C · Bat
Bat is a mammal, while the others are birds.
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Find the odd one out: Triangle, Rectangle, Circle, Square
C · Circle
Circle is not a polygon unlike the other shapes.
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In hierarchical classification, which is the correct order from general to specific?
B · Kingdom > Family > Genus > Species
The correct biological hierarchy is Kingdom, Family, Genus, Species from general to specific.
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Which of the following best illustrates sub-classification in a hierarchy?
A · Classifying vehicles into cars and bikes
Sub-classification divides a broad category into smaller groups sharing specific traits.
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Identify the next subclassification step for mammals in this hierarchy: Mammal > ________ > Dog.
A · Canidae
Canidae is the family subclassification of mammals that includes dogs.
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An application of classification in reasoning is:
A · Improving decision-making by grouping similar options
Classification groups similar elements to facilitate analysis and decision-making.
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How can classification help in solving problems logically?
A · By organizing information systematically to identify patterns
Systematic classification helps identify patterns and relationships critical for problem solving.
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Find the missing number in the series: 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ?
B · 42
The pattern follows n(n+1), so the terms are 1*2=2, 2*3=6, 3*4=12, 4*5=20, 5*6=30, therefore next is 6*7=42.
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What number should come next in the sequence: 3, 9, 27, 81, ?
B · 243
Each term is multiplied by 3 to get the next: 3, 9, 27, 81, so next is 81 × 3 = 243.
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Identify the next term in the sequence: 5, 11, 23, 47, ?
B · 95
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Find the next number in the series: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ?
C · 36
This is the series of perfect squares: 1^2, 2^2, 3^2, 4^2, 5^2, so next term is 6^2 = 36.
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Dog is to Puppy as Cat is to:
C · Kitten
A puppy is the young of a dog; similarly, a kitten is the young of a cat.
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Finger is to Hand as Leaf is to:
B · Tree
A finger is part of a hand; similarly, a leaf is part of a tree.
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Book is to Reading as Pen is to:
A · Writing
You read a book just like you write with a pen, implying functions of the objects.
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Identify the odd one out: Apple, Banana, Carrot, Mango
C · Carrot
Carrot is a vegetable while Apple, Banana, and Mango are fruits.
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Which of these does not belong to the group? Square, Triangle, Circle, Cube
D · Cube
Square, Triangle, and Circle are 2D shapes; Cube is a 3D shape.
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Pick the odd one out: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Sun
D · Sun
Mercury, Venus, and Earth are planets; Sun is a star.
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Complete the pattern and find the next figure: ▲, ▼, ▲, ▼, ?
A · ▲
The pattern alternates between up triangle and down triangle, so the next shape is ▲.
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Given the pattern 2, 4, 8, 16, ?, predict the next number.
D · 32
Each number doubles the previous one, so 16 × 2 = 32.
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Identify the next item in the pattern: Red, Blue, Green, Red, Blue, ?
B · Green
The pattern sequence repeats as Red, Blue, Green, so after Blue comes Green.
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If in a certain code, each letter is replaced by the next letter in the English alphabet (A → B, B → C, etc.), how will the word 'BRIGHT' be coded?
A · CSJHIU
Each letter is replaced by its immediate successor: B→C, R→S, I→J, G→H, H→I, T→U. Hence, 'BRIGHT' is coded as 'CSJHIU'.
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In a certain code, the word 'SMART' is written as 'TNBUS'. Which of the following words will be written as 'DPODB' in the same code?
A · CLOSE
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In a code language, 'CLOCK' is written as '31523'. How is 'BLOCK' written in that code?
D · 21423
'C' is 3, 'L' is 1, 'O' is 5, 'C' again is 2, 'K' is 3. However, 'BLOCK' differs by only first letter from 'CLOCK' (C→B). Assuming B=2, so 'BLOCK' = 21423.
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If each letter is assigned a number corresponding to its position in the English alphabet and then multiplied by 2 to form a code, what is the code for the word 'CODE'?
A · 6 26 8 10
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In a coding system, each letter is replaced by a symbol as follows: A → @, B → #, C → $, D → %, E → &. What is the coded form of the word 'BADGE'?
A · #@%$&
B→#, A→@, D→%, G is undefined so likely error, E→&. Assuming G remains as is or code is only for first five letters. Best consistent option is '#@%$&'.
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In a certain code, the word 'EARTH' is represented as '#$&*@'. Which of the following could represent the word 'HEART'?
A · *@#$&
The word 'HEART' is an anagram of 'EARTH'. So, the symbols should be a rearrangement of '#$&*@'. Option '*@#$&' rearranges symbols appropriately.
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A word is coded as 27$4@, where numbers represent the position of letters in the alphabet, and symbols represent vowels as '$' for A, '@' for E. If the code for 'GAME' is 7$13@, what is the code for 'MAGE'?
A · 13$7@
'M' = 13, 'A' vowel = $, 'G' = 7, 'E' vowel = @. So the code is 13$7@.
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Decode the word '518' if the coding rule is: 1 corresponds to A, 2 to B, 3 to C ..., and so on. What is the original word?
D · ERA
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Which one does not follow the coding pattern: DOG → 417, CAT → 312, BAT → 212, RAT → 182?
D · RAT → 182
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Identify the next element in the pattern coding sequence: A→1, D→4, G→7, J→10, ...
A · M→13
The letters progress by +3 positions each time (A=1, D=4, G=7, J=10, so next is M=13).
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If in a certain code, 'FLOWER' is written as '¼⌂¶☽♣∆', which of the following words could be represented as '☽♣∆∆♣' in the same code?
C · LOWER
In 'FLOWER', 'L', 'O', 'W', 'E', 'R' correspond to '¶☽♣∆'. The given code '☽♣∆∆♣' matches the sequence for 'LOWER' as it has L, O, W, E, R letters repeated accordingly.
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If in a certain code, TABLE is written as UBCMF, how would CHAIR be written in that code?
A · DIBJS
Each letter in the word TABLE is shifted by 1 forward: T→U, A→B, B→C, L→M, E→F. Applying the same to CHAIR: C→D, H→I, A→B, I→J, R→S. Hence, the coded word is DIBJS.
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In a code language, if "MANGO" is written as "NBOHP", how will "PEACH" be written in that code?
A · QFBDI
Each letter is shifted by 1 forward: M→N, A→B, N→O, G→H, O→P. Similarly, P→Q, E→F, A→B, C→D, H→I, so PEACH = QFBDI.
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In a certain code, each letter of the word is replaced by the letter three positions prior to it in the English alphabet. How is "FRIEND" written in that code?
A · COLDKA
F→C, R→O, I→F, E→B, N→K, D→A. So FRIEND = C O L D K A.
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If 9 is added to each digit of a number and then the digits are reversed to form a new number, the original number becomes 215. What is the new number?
C · 864
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In a code, the word "GARDEN" is represented as "HSBEMO". What is the coding rule?
A · Each letter is shifted one place forward
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If "#" stands for "+", "@" stands for "-", "$" stands for "×", and "%" stands for "/", then what is the value of 6 # 2 % 4?
A · 8
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In a certain code language, 'PENCIL' is written as '$%#@!^'. If '@' represents 'I', which symbol represents 'N'?
C · #
The letters in 'PENCIL' are P, E, N, C, I, L; coded as $, %, #, @, !, ^ respectively. '@' corresponds to 'I' (5th letter), so the third letter 'N' is replaced by '#'.
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If the code for 'MATH' is 'NBSG' using a mixed rule where consonants are shifted forward by one and vowels shifted backward by one, what is the code for 'CODE'?
C · DPDF
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In a certain code, the word 'GOLF' is coded as 'FPMG'. How would 'PLAY' be coded in that code?
A · OKBZ
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If A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26, then the word 'QUIZ' is coded by adding the letter's position to its reverse position number (Q is 1st letter in word, Q=17; Z is 4th letter, Z=26), what is the code number for the letter U?
D · 27
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In a puzzle code, if the word 'BRIDGE' is written as 'GZMVXT' using the rule of reversing the string and replacing each letter by its opposite in the alphabet (A↔Z, B↔Y, etc.), what will be the code for 'MARKET'?
A · GVPNXI
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Which of the following terms correctly describes the relationship of 'father’s brother'?
B · Paternal uncle
'Father’s brother' is the paternal uncle as he is the brother on the father’s side.
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Who is 'mother’s sister' in blood relations terminology?
B · Maternal aunt
‘Mother’s sister’ is called maternal aunt as she is on the mother’s side of the family.
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In a family, a man says, 'This woman is the daughter of my father’s only daughter.' How is the woman related to the man?
B · Daughter
The man’s father’s only daughter is the man’s sister. The daughter of his sister is his niece. But since the woman is daughter of the father’s only daughter, it means she is the man's daughter.
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John says, 'Anna is the sister of my grandfather’s only son.' How is Anna related to John?
A · Aunt
John’s grandfather’s only son is John’s father; Anna is the sister of John’s father, so Anna is John’s aunt.
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A woman says, 'The son of my mother’s only brother is my _______?'
B · Cousin
Mother’s only brother is maternal uncle. His son is cousin to the woman.
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If A is the father of B and C is the son of B, then what is C’s relationship to A?
B · Grandson
C is the son of B, and B is the son of A. So, C is the grandson of A.
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Refer to the diagram below showing a family tree. If P is the father of Q and S is the brother of Q, how is R related to P?
(Diagram shows P at the top with children Q and S; Q has a child R.)
B · Grandson
R is the child of Q, who is P’s son; hence R is P’s grandson.
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Refer to the diagram below showing relationship graph. In the diagram, X is married to Y, and Y is sister of Z. How is X related to Z?
A · Brother-in-law
X is husband of Y, who is sister of Z, so X is brother-in-law of Z.
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In a family, A is married to B. C is the son of A’s father and D is the daughter of B’s mother. Who among them is A’s sister?
D · Cannot be determined
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Refer to the family tree diagram below. If M is married to N, who is the sister of O, and P is their son, what is the relationship between O and P?
C · Aunt
N is married to M; N is sister of O. P is son of M and N, so O is the aunt of P.
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If John is the son of Michael and Michael is the brother of David, how is David related to John?
B · Uncle
Since Michael and David are brothers, David is the uncle of John's son.
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Sarah is the daughter of Emma. Emma is married to Tom. How is Tom related to Sarah?
B · Father
Tom is the husband of Sarah’s mother Emma, so Tom is Sarah's father.
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Refer to the diagram below. Jack is the grandfather of Lily. Mark is Lily's father. What is the relationship between Jack and Mark?
A · Father and Son
Jack being grandfather of Lily and Mark being Lily’s father means Jack is father of Mark.
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Using the given family tree diagram, identify how Amy is related to Robert if Robert's son is Amy's father.
C · Granddaughter
Robert's son being Amy's father means Amy is Robert’s granddaughter.
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If A is the brother of B, B is the father of C, and D is the sister of C, what is the relationship between A and D?
B · Uncle
A is brother of B (B is father of C and D), so A is uncle of D.
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John says, "P is the father of my mother's brother." How is P related to John?
A · Grandfather
John's mother's brother is John's uncle; P is his father, hence John's grandfather.
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Mary is sister to Peter. Peter's wife is Jane. Jane's brother is Sam. What is Sam's relationship to Mary?
A · Brother-in-law
Peter’s wife Jane’s brother Sam is brother-in-law to Mary.
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Consider the statement: 'L is the mother of M. M is the son of N. N is the husband of L.' Who is N to L?
C · Husband
If N is husband of L, and M is son of both, N is L’s husband.
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Refer to the diagram below. If Anna is the daughter of Brian, and Brian is the son of Clara, how is Clara related to Anna?
B · Grandmother
Clara is Brian's mother and Anna's grandmother.
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Tom is the brother of Lisa’s mother. Lisa is married to Sam. How is Tom related to Sam?
C · Uncle-in-law
Tom is Lisa’s maternal uncle; as Lisa’s husband, Sam’s uncle-in-law is Tom.
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In a family, P is the son of Q. Q is the only child of R, who has two brothers S and T. S has one daughter U; T has two sons V and W. P is married to X, and they have a daughter Y and a son Z. How is W related to Y?
B · Granduncle
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A says to B, "Your mother is the daughter of my mother’s only son." How is A related to B?
D · B’s maternal grandfather
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D is the grandson of B. A is B's son, and C is A's sister. E is the son of C. If F is the son of E and is married to D, how is B related to F?
A · Great Grandfather
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If the mother of A's father's only daughter-in-law is the paternal grandmother of B, and B is son of A's wife, how is A related to the only daughter-in-law?
B · Husband
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X is son of P. P is son-in-law of Q. Q has only one daughter, R, and two sons S and T. T has a daughter U. How is U related to X?
A · First Cousin
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A man says, "She is the only daughter of the son of my grandfather’s only son." How is the woman related to the man?
A · Sister
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P says, "Q is the son of the daughter of the father of my father." How is Q related to P?
A · Brother
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B is the sister of the wife of C, who has only one child D. If E is the son of B and is married to D, how is C related to B?
B · Brother-in-law
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A man tells, "He is the son of my grandfather’s only daughter." What is the relation of 'he' to the man?
A · Maternal cousin
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R is the only daughter of S. S is the son of T. U is the son of R, and V is the only daughter of U. W is the son of T’s only daughter. How is W related to V?
B · Second Cousin
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P is father of Q and R. Q has two children, S and T. R has one child U. If V is the son of S and is married to U, how is P related to V?
B · Great Grandfather
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In a family, X is the mother of Y’s son. Z is the son of X’s father. If Y is the father of Z, how is Y related to X?
B · Husband
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Who among the following is the grandson of P if: P’s son Q has only one daughter R, R has two children S and T, and P’s daughter U has only one son V, and V is married to S?
A · T
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A man says, "The son of my father’s only daughter is my son." How is that possible?
D · The daughter is the man's wife
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Mother of A’s daughter-in-law is sister of B and B is son of C, who is father-in-law of A. How is C related to A’s daughter-in-law?
A · Grandfather
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X is the father of Y. Z says to Y, "Your grandfather's only daughter is my mother." If W is the father of X, how is W related to Z?
B · Father-in-law
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Refer to the diagram below showing a linear arrangement of six people A, B, C, D, E, and F facing north. If B stands immediately to the left of E and A is to the immediate right of F, who is standing in the middle?
C · B
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In a line of seven students facing south, P is fourth from the left, Q is third to the right of P, and R is at one end. Which of the following is true?
D · R is at left end
If P is fourth from left, positions are 1 2 3 P(4) 5 6 7. Q is third to right of P, so position 7. Since R is at one end and 7 is occupied by Q, R must be at left end (1).
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Refer to the circular seating arrangement below of six friends A, B, C, D, E, and F. A sits opposite C. B sits to the immediate right of A. D is second to the left of B. Who is sitting to the immediate left of F?
B · E
Given the circular positions and conditions, E is found sitting immediately to the left of F.
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In a circular arrangement of eight people facing outwards, who will be sitting exactly opposite to the person third to the right of Q, if R is sitting second to the left of Q?
C · S
Considering the circular arrangement and given relative position of R to Q, the person third right of Q is opposite to S.
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In a 5-storeyed building, each floor is occupied by one person among A, B, C, D and E. A lives on 3rd floor. B lives on 1st floor which is below C's floor but above D's floor. E lives above B. Who lives on the 4th floor?
B · C
Given: A on 3rd, B on 1st floor, B below C, B above D, and E above B. Therefore, D on ground or basement (floor 0), B on 1st, A on 3rd, E on 2nd or 4th, so C has to be on 4th floor.
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Four boxes A, B, C, and D are arranged in a row. Box A is to the immediate right of C. D is to the left of B but not at extreme left. Which box is at the extreme right?
A · B
Since D is left of B but not extreme left, the order is C D A B or D C A B. However, A is immediately right of C. So the correct sequence is D C A B with B at extreme right.
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A container has red, blue, green, and yellow balls arranged in layers from top to bottom. The blue layer is above green but below red. Yellow is at the bottom. Which color is in the middle?
B · Blue
Given yellow is bottom layer, Red is above blue, and blue above green. The order: Red top, Blue second, Green third, Yellow bottom. Blue is in the middle layers.
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A factory schedules five shifts starting every two hours from 6 AM to 2 PM. Shift B starts two hours after Shift A. Shift E starts at 2 PM. Shift C starts immediately after Shift B. Which shift starts at 10 AM?
C · Shift C
Shifts: 6 AM (?), 8 AM (?), 10 AM (?), 12 PM (?), 2 PM (E). B starts 2 hours after A, so if A is 6 AM, B is 8 AM, C immediately after B is 10 AM. Thus, Shift C starts at 10 AM.
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Out of six persons A, B, C, D, E, and F, who are ranked based on marks, E is ranked higher than B but lower than D. C is ranked just above B. Who is ranked second?
C · C
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In the ranking of seven participants, F ranked immediately above D, who is ranked fourth. E is ranked lower than F. Ranks 1 to 7 are assigned. Who is ranked fifth?
A · E
D is fourth, F immediately above D means F is third. E ranked lower than F, so E must be fifth or lower. Since D is fourth, E must be fifth.
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If Sachin scored more runs than Rahul but less than Anand, and Suresh scored more runs than Rahul but less than Anand, then who scored the highest?
C · Anand
Both Sachin and Suresh scored less than Anand, so Anand scored the highest.
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Five friends A, B, C, D, and E are sitting in a row. B is to the immediate left of D, and C is not next to A but sits somewhere to the left of B. Who sits at the extreme right end?
D · E
The given conditions allow only E to be at the extreme right after arranging others.
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Seven friends—A, B, C, D, E, F, and G—are sitting in a circular table facing the center. B is third to the left of A. C is second to the right of G. D is to the immediate right of G. Who is to the immediate left of E?
B · F
Arranging all conditions, F is immediately to the left of E.
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In a container arrangement, box A is inside box B. Box B is inside box C which is on top of box D. Box E is outside box C but inside box F. Which box is at the bottom layer?
A · D
Box D is at bottom below C, which contains B which contains A. E is inside F outside C, meaning F is outermost but not bottom. Hence, D is bottommost box.
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A conference has 5 sessions scheduled at 9 AM, 10 AM, 11 AM, 12 PM, and 1 PM. Speaker A has a session before B but after C. D's session is immediately after E. Which session does A have?
A · 10 AM
Order: C < A < B and E immediately before D. The sessions fit best if C=9 AM, A=10 AM, B=11 AM; E=12 PM, D=1 PM.
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Six runners P, Q, R, S, T, and U finished a race. T finished immediately after Q but before R. P beat U but not Q. Who finished fourth?
B · T
Order deduced is Q, T, R, followed by P and U with P beating U but not Q. Hence, T finished fourth.
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A, B, C, and D stand in a line facing east. A is third to the left of B. C is immediately left of A. D is to the right of B. Who is at extreme right?
B · D
A third to left of B means positions B(4) and A(1). C immediately left of A means impossible at position 1, so B must be at 3 with A at 1. Thus, D is right of B at position 4 (extreme right).
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Four friends are sitting around a square table facing outside. A is diagonally opposite B. C is to the immediate right of D. Who is sitting to the immediate left of A?
B · D
With facing outside, immediate left and right are swapped relative to inside. Given A diagonally opposite B, and C immediate right of D, D sits immediate left of A.
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In a classroom of 5 rows with 5 seats each, who is sitting at Row 3 Seat 2 if the following conditions hold: John is immediately right of Mark. Sophie is directly in front of John. Mark is not in Row 1?
B · John
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In a sequence of seven boxes numbered 1 to 7, box 4 is yellow, box immediately to the left of yellow box is blue, and box 6 is red. Which box is green if it is neither at extreme ends nor adjacent to yellow?
C · Box 5
Yellow is box 4, blue to immediate left is box 3. Red is box 6, green can't be box 2 (adjacent left of blue) or box 7 (extreme end) or box 3 (blue). So green is box 5.
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In a row of 8 students, each facing south, P is 4th from left, Q is 3rd from right. If P is just to the left of Q, how many students are between them?
A · 0
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In a circular arrangement of 10 friends, M is sitting diametrically opposite to N. R is the immediate neighbor of both M and O. If N is third to the right of P, which of the following is true?
D · R is between M and O
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Refer to the diagram below showing 8 people sitting around a circular table, facing center. If each alternate person is a programmer, starting with A, who is sitting to the immediate right of the third programmer?
C · G
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Four tasks A, B, C, and D must be scheduled across four days Monday to Thursday without overlap. Given that A is scheduled before C but after D, and B is scheduled after C, which task must be scheduled on Wednesday?
C · C
A is after D but before C, which means order: D So Monday = D, Tuesday = A, Wednesday = C, Thursday = B.
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In a group of eight men with different heights, if John is taller than only two men, and Mark is shorter than only one man, who is the shortest among them?
C · The man shorter than John
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If in a competition, A finishes before B but after C, B finishes after D, and D finishes before E who is the last finisher?
A · B
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Refer to the table below comparing speeds of vehicles P, Q, R, and S. If P is faster than R but slower than Q, and S is slower than R but faster than P, which vehicle is the fastest?
A · Q
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In a group of people divided by color preference, if 12 like red, 15 like blue, and 10 like both, how many people like only blue?
A · 5
Only blue = total blue - both = 15 - 10 = 5.
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From a batch of 15 students, 7 passed in Math, 9 in English, and 4 passed in both. How many students passed in either Math or English?
A · 12
Number passed either = Math + English - Both = 7 + 9 - 4 = 12.
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In a group of 12 people, 5 are engineers, 6 are doctors, and 3 are neither. How many people are both engineers and doctors?
A · 2
Total = 12Engineers + Doctors + Neither - Both = Total5 + 6 + 3 - Both = 1214 - Both = 12Both = 2
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Seven friends are to be divided into three teams: two teams of 2 members and one team of 3 members. If A and B must be in the same team, and D and E must not be in the same team, which team can A and B be placed in?
A · Team of 3 members
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Refer to the logic grid below. Which pet does Sarah own if Mike does not own the dog, Emma owns the cat, and only Sara and Mike own a pet fish or a dog?
C · Fish
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Refer to the diagram below showing a 3x3 logic grid puzzle. If the athlete who wears jersey number 7 plays football, and the athlete wearing number 5 does not play football or basketball, which athlete plays basketball?
A · Jersey 3
Jersey 7 = football playerJersey 5 not football or basketball, so must be another sportJersey 3 is the logical basketball player by elimination.
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If "If P then Q" is true, and Q is false, what can be concluded about P?
B · P is false
The contrapositive of "If P then Q" is "If not Q then not P". Given Q is false, it follows P is false.
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In a group where if it rains then the match is postponed, and the match was not postponed, what is true about rain?
B · It did not rain
If it rains then postponed. Since match was not postponed, by contrapositive, it did not rain.
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Refer to the diagram showing a flowchart for conditional decision making. At which step does the process terminate if condition A is false but condition B is true?
C · Step 4
If condition A is false, the flow proceeds to condition B; since condition B is true, the process terminates at Step 4.
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If in a group, all doctors are older than 30, and John is 25 years old, which of the following is always true?
B · John is not a doctor
Since all doctors > 30 years, John (25) cannot be a doctor given the condition.
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Refer to the diagram below consisting of a table listing conditions and outcomes. If "If P then Q" and "If Q then R" are true, which final condition must be true when P is true?
B · R
From P true and if P then Q, we get Q true.From Q true and if Q then R, we get R true.So R must be true.
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In a puzzle, every student who passes math also passes physics. If Alice passes math, Bob passes physics but not math, who definitely passes physics?
C · Both Alice and Bob
Since Alice passes math, she passes physics.Bob passes physics but not math.Therefore both pass physics.
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Refer to the logic grid below. If "If A then B", "If not B then C", and "C is false", which of the following must be true?
B · B is true
C is false, so "If not B then C" means if B is false then C is true which contradicts C false.Therefore B cannot be false and must be true.
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Which of the following best defines critical thinking?
B · The ability to analyze and evaluate information to form a reasoned judgment
Critical thinking involves analyzing and evaluating information logically to form reasoned judgments rather than accepting data without scrutiny.
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Why is critical thinking important in academic reasoning?
C · It enables objective analysis and problem-solving
Critical thinking promotes objective analysis and effective problem-solving, which are essential skills in academic reasoning.
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Which statement best explains the importance of questioning assumptions in critical thinking?
A · It helps avoid bias and flawed reasoning
Questioning assumptions helps identify personal or external biases and prevents flawed reasoning, enhancing the quality of conclusions.
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A news report states that "Most experts agree that climate change is the biggest threat to humanity." What assumption is made in this statement?
A · All experts have the same opinion
The statement assumes that the majority of experts hold the same or similar opinion, which may not always be true without evidence.
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Identify the bias in the following statement: "The new policy is obviously detrimental because it was proposed by an inexperienced official."
B · Ad hominem bias
Attacking the person (inexperienced official) rather than addressing the policy's merits is an ad hominem bias.
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Which of the following best illustrates a hidden assumption in reasoning?
C · People who exercise regularly are healthy, so if John is healthy, he exercises regularly
The statement assumes that health directly implies exercising regularly, which is a hidden assumption and may not hold true.
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Which aspect is crucial when evaluating the strength of an argument?
B · Credibility of evidence and relevance of reasoning
A strong argument depends on credible evidence and relevant reasoning supporting the conclusion.
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Which of these is an example of evaluating evidence objectively?
C · Reviewing all evidence regardless of personal views before forming a conclusion
Objective evaluation requires reviewing all evidence fairly, irrespective of personal biases.
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An advertisement claims that a vitamin supplement improves memory because 95% of users report feeling sharper. What is a critical evaluating consideration here?
A · Sample size and potential placebo effect
The claim should be evaluated based on scientific validity, sample size, and whether the placebo effect might contribute to reported results.
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Which of these best reflects a strong logical conclusion from the premise: "All mammals are warm-blooded. Dolphins are mammals."?
C · Dolphins are warm-blooded
Since dolphins are mammals and all mammals are warm-blooded, logically dolphins must be warm-blooded.
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If the argument is: "If it rains, the picnic will be canceled. The picnic is canceled. Therefore, it rained." What type of logical error is present in this conclusion?
A · Affirming the consequent
The reasoning affirms the consequent (picnic canceled) to conclude the antecedent (it rained), which is a logical fallacy.
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Which conclusion logically follows from the statements: "All students must submit their assignments by Friday. John is a student."?
A · John will submit his assignment by Friday
Since John is a student and all students must submit by Friday, John is logically expected to submit by Friday.
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A manager says, "If sales do not increase, the project will be canceled. Sales did not increase, so the project will be canceled." What type of reasoning is demonstrated?
A · Valid deductive reasoning
This is valid deductive reasoning (modus ponens), as the condition and result logically lead to the conclusion.
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You are given the problem: A train travels from Station A to Station B in 4 hours at 60 km/h. If the distance increases by 20 km but time remains the same, what is the new speed of the train?
A · 65 km/h
Initial distance = 60 km/h \( \times \) 4 = 240 km. New distance = 240 + 20 = 260 km. Speed = 260 km / 4 h = 65 km/h.
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In a problem scenario, a company’s profits dropped despite increased sales. Which is the most logical factor to analyze?
A · Marketing costs increased
Increased marketing or operational costs despite rising sales could explain the profit drop, warranting analysis.
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A city’s traffic congestion worsens though new roads were built. Which logical problem scenario could explain this?
A · Induced demand where more roads attract more vehicles
Induced demand causes more drivers to use the roads when capacity improves, worsening congestion.
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Which of the following is a fact rather than an opinion?
C · Water boils at 100\( ^\circ \)C at sea level
The boiling point of water at sea level is an objective, verifiable fact.
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Which sentence represents an opinion rather than a fact?
C · Green is the most relaxing color
The statement about green being the most relaxing color is subjective and represents an opinion.
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Identify the factual statement from the below list:
B · Scientists have discovered water on Mars
The discovery of water on Mars is a verified scientific fact.
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Which of the following is an example of a strawman fallacy?
B · Distorting opponent’s position to easily refute it
Strawman fallacy involves misrepresenting an opponent's argument to attack a weaker version.
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Which description matches the ad hominem fallacy?
A · Attacking the person instead of the argument
Ad hominem fallacy attacks the character or motives of a person rather than addressing the argument itself.
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If someone says: "Everyone is buying this phone, so it must be the best," what type of fallacy is this?
A · Bandwagon fallacy
Bandwagon fallacy claims something is true or best because many people believe or do it.
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Which example best illustrates the slippery slope fallacy?
A · If we allow students to redo one test, soon they’ll want to redo all tests and never study
Slippery slope fallacy assumes without evidence that one action will inevitably lead to a series of negative events.
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Identify the false cause fallacy in the following argument: "Since the new mayor took office, crime rates have risen. Therefore, the mayor caused the crime increase."
B · False cause
The argument assumes causation solely based on sequence without supporting evidence, which is the false cause fallacy.
